Development and Validation of the COVID-NoLab and COVID-SimpleLab Risk Scores for Prognosis in 6 US Health Systems

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens (MHE, XC); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (RL); Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (DMT); Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville (AGM); Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey (AEZ); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (BB, WJT); Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (KM, MG); Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (AK).