Research ArticleOriginal Research
Psychological Distress, Substance Use, and Adjustment among Parents Living with HIV
Risë B. Goldstein, Mallory O. Johnson, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Sheri B. Kirshenbaum, Rogério M. Pinto, Lauren Kittel, Willo Pequegnat, Joanne D. Mickalian, Lance S. Weinhardt, Jeffrey A. Kelly, Marguerita Lightfoot and ; the National Institute Mental Health Healthy Living Project Team
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Practice September 2005, 18 (5) 362-373; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.18.5.362
Risë B. Goldstein
Mallory O. Johnson
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
Sheri B. Kirshenbaum
Rogério M. Pinto
Lauren Kittel
Willo Pequegnat
Joanne D. Mickalian
Lance S. Weinhardt
Jeffrey A. Kelly

References
- ↵Schuster MA, Kanouse E, Morton SC, et al. HIV-infected parents and their children in the United States. Am J Public Health 2000; 90: 1074–81.
- ↵Kirshenbaum SB, Hirky AE, Correale J, et al. “Throwing the dice:” pregnancy decision-making among HIV-positive women in four U.S. cities. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2004; 36: 106–13.
- ↵Bing EG, Burnam MA, Longshore D, et al. Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 721–8.
- ↵Griffin KW, Rabkin JG. Psychological distress in people with HIV/AIDS: prevalence rates and methodological issues. AIDS Behav 1997; 1: 29–42.
- Lipsitz JD, Williams JBW, Rabkin JG, et al. Psychopathology in male and female intravenous drug users with and without HIV infection. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1662–9.
- Sewell MC, Goggin KJ, Rabkin JG, Ferrando SJ, McElhiney MC, Evans S. Anxiety syndromes and symptoms among men with AIDS. Psychosomatics 2000; 41: 294–300.
- ↵Semple SJ, Patterson TL, Straits-Troster K, Atkinson JH, McCutchan JA, Grant I. Social and psychological characteristics of HIV-infected women and gay men. Women Health 1996; 24: 17–41.
- ↵Rabkin JG, Johnson J, Lin SH, et al. Psychopathology in male and female HIV-positive and negative injected drug users. AIDS 1997; 11: 507–15.
- ↵Biddle BJ. Role theory: expectations, identities, and behaviors. New York: Academic Press; 1979.
- ↵Zayas LH, Solari F. Early childhood socialization in Hispanic families: context, culture, and practical implications. Prof Psychol: Res Pract 1994; 25: 200–6.
- ↵Fox GL, Bruce C, Combs-Orme T. Parenting expectations and concerns of fathers and mothers of newborn infants. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies 2000; 49: 123–131.
- ↵Major DA. Utilizing role theory to help employed parents cope with children’s chronic illness. Health Education Research: Theory and Practice 2003; 18: 45–57.
- ↵Parke RD. Parenting in the new millenium: prospects, promises and pitfalls. In: McHale JP, Grolnick WS, editors. Retrospect and prospect in the psychological study of families. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2002. pp. 65–93.
- ↵Merton R. The role set: problems in sociological theory. Br J Sociology 1957; 8: 106–20.
- Turner RH. Role-taking, role standpoint, and reference group behavior. Am J Sociology 1956; 61: 316–28.
- Graen G. Role making process within complex organizations. In: Dunnette MD, editor. The handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago (IL): Rand McNally; 1976. pp. 1201–45.
- Graen G, Scandura TA. Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. In: Cummings LL, Staw BM, editors. Research in organizational behavior. Greenwich (CT): JAI Press; 1987. pp. 175–208.
- ↵Verbrugge LM. Multiple roles and physical health of women and men. J Health Soc Behav 1983; 24: 16–30.
- ↵Chasteen K, Kissman K. Juggling multiple roles and the act of resistance. Contemporary Family Therapy 2000; 22: 233–40.
- ↵Hader SL, Smith DK, Moore JS, Holberg SD. HIV infection in women in the United States. JAMA 2001; 285: 1186–92.
- ↵Crystal S, Schlosser LR. The HIV-mental health challenge. In: Horwitz AV, Scheid TL, editors. A handbook for the study of mental health: social contexts, theories, and systems. Cambridge (MA): University Press; 1999. pp. 526–49.
- Cunningham WE, Andersen RM, Katz MH, et al. The impact of competing subsistence needs and barriers on access to medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care in the United States. Med Care 1999; 37: 1270–81.
- Mellins CA, Ehrhardt AA. Families affected by pediatric acquired immune deficiency syndrome: sources of stress and coping. J Develop Behav Pediatrics 1994; 15: 54–60.
- ↵Mellins CA, Ehrhardt AA, Rapkin B, Havens JF. Psychosocial factors associated with adaptation in HIV-infected mothers. AIDS Behav 2000; 4: 317–28.
- Mellins CA, Havens JF, McKaskill EO, Leu CS, Brudney K, Chesney MA. Mental health, substance use and disclosure are significantly associated with the medical treatment adherence of HIV-infected mothers. Psychol Health Med 2002; 7: 451–60.
- Newshan G. Is anybody listening? A phenomenological study of pain in hospitalized persons with AIDS. J Nurses AIDS Care 1998; 9: 57–67.
- ↵Sha BE, Benson CA, Pottage JC, Urbanski PA, Daugherty SR, Kessler HA. HIV infection in women: an observational study of clinical characteristics, disease progression, and survival for a cohort of women in Chicago. J AIDS 1995; 8: 486–95.
- ↵Mellins CA, Kang E, Leu CS, Havens JF, Chesney MA. Longitudinal study of mental health and psychosocial predictors of medical treatment adherence in mothers living with HIV disease. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2003; 17: 407–16.
- Wood SA, Tobias C, McCree J. Medication adherence for HIV positive women caring for children: in their own words. AIDS Care 2004; 16: 909–13.
- ↵Nomaguchi KM, Milkie MA. Costs and rewards of children: the effects of becoming a parent on adults’ lives. J Marr Family 2003; 65: 356–74.
- ↵Cowan CP, Cowan PA. When partners become parents: the big life change for couples. New York: Basic Books; 2000.
- ↵Semple SJ, Patterson TL, Temoshok LR, et al. Identification of psychobiological stressors among HIV-positive women. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC) Group. Women Health 1993; 20: 15–36.
- Jackson AP. The effects of role strain on single, working, Black mothers’ perceptions of their young children. Soc Work Research 1994; 18: 36–40.
- Oyserman D, Mowbray CT, Meares PA, Firminger KB. Parenting among mothers with a serious mental illness. In: Hertzig ME, Farber EA, editors. Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development: 2000–2001. New York: Brunner-Routledge; 2003. pp. 177–216.
- ↵Hough ES, Brumitt G, Templin T, Saltz E, Mood D. A model of mother-child coping and adjustment to HIV. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 643–55.
- ↵Murphy DA, Marelich WD, Dello Stritto ME, Swendeman D, Witkin A. Mothers living with HIV/AIDS: mental, physical, and family functioning. AIDS Care 2002; 14: 633–44.
- ↵Rotheram-Borus MJ, Lester P, Wang PW, Shen Q. Custody plans among parents living with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158: 327–32.
- Silver EJ, Bauman LJ, Camacho S, Hudis J. Factors associated with psychological distress in urban mothers with late-stage HIV/AIDS. AIDS Behav 2003; 7: 421–31.
- Brook DW, Brook JS, Whiteman M, Arencibia-Mireles O, Pressman MA, Rubenstone E. Coping in adolescent children of HIV-positive and HIV-negative substance-abusing fathers. J Genet Psychol 2002; 163: 5–23.
- ↵
- ↵Gribble JN, Miller H, Rogers SM, Turner CF. Interview mode and measurement of sexual behaviors: methodological issues. J Sex Res 1999; 36: 16–24.
- ↵Turner CF, Ku L, Rogers SM, Lindberg LD, Pleck JH, Sonenstein F. Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science 1998; 280: 867–73.
- ↵Justice AC, Holmes W, Gifford AL, et al. The Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Unit Outcomes Committee. Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54 Suppl 1: S77–90.
- ↵Lubeck DP, Fries JF. Changes in health status after one year for persons at-risk for and with HIV infection. Psychol Health 1992; 9: 79–92.
- ↵Chesney MA, Ickovics JR, Chambers DB, et al. Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: the AACTG adherence instruments. Patient Care Committee & Adherence Working Group of the Outcomes Committee of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). AIDS Care 2000; 12: 255–66.
- ↵Beck AT. Depression: causes and treatment. Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania Press; 1967.
- ↵Beck AT, Steer RA. Internal consistencies of the original and revised Beck Depression Inventory. J Clin Psychol 1984; 40: 1365–7.
- ↵Shaver PR, Brennan KA. Measures of depression and loneliness. In: Robinson JP, Shaver R, et al, editors. Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, Inc.; 1991. pp. 195–289.
- ↵Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
- ↵McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF. Profile of mood states. San Diego (CA): Educational and Industrial Testing Service; 1971.
- ↵
- ↵Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 1983; 24: 385–96.
- ↵Horowitz MJ, Adler N, Kegeles S. A scale for measuring the occurrence of positive states of mind: a preliminary report. Psychosom Med 1988; 50: 477–83.
- ↵Chesney MA, Chambers DB, Taylor JM, Johnson LM, Folkman S. Coping effectiveness training for men living with HIV: results from a randomized clinical trial testing a group-based intervention. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 1038–46.
- ↵Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000.
- ↵SAS Institute, Inc. SAS Statistical Software, Version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 1999.
- ↵Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS surveillance report: midyear 2001 edition. MMWR CDC Surveillance Summaries 2001; 13. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/hivprevalence/overview.htm. Accessed September 15, 2004.
- ↵Rittner B, Dozier CD. Effects of court-ordered substance abuse treatment in child protective services cases. Soc Work 2000; 45: 131–40.
- ↵Kessler RC, Zhao S. The prevalence of mental illness. In: Horwitz AV, Scheid TL, editors. A handbook for the study of mental health: social contexts, theories, and systems. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1999. pp. 58–78.
- ↵Anthony JC, Helzer JE. Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence. In: Robins LN, Regier DA, editors. Psychiatric disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York: The Free Press; 1991. pp. 116–154.
- Kandel D, Chen K, Warner LA, Kessler RC, Grant B. Prevalence and demographic correlates of symptoms of last year dependence on alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine in the U.S. population. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997; 44: 11–29.
- Warner LA, Kessler RC, Hughes M, Anthony JC, Nelson CB. Prevalence and correlates of drug use and dependence in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52: 219–29.
- ↵Lyketsos CG, Hanson A, Fishman M, McHugh PR, Treisman GJ. Screening for psychiatric morbidity in a medical outpatient clinic for HIV infection: the need for a psychiatric presence. Int J Psychiatr Med 1994; 24: 103–13.
- Vitiello B, Burnam MA, Bing EG, Beckman R, Shapiro MF. Use of psychotropic medications among HIV-infected patients in the United States. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 547–54.
- ↵
- ↵Sherbourne CD, Hays RD, Fleishman JA, et al. Impact of psychiatric conditions on health-related quality of life in persons with HIV infection. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 248–54.
- Ickovics JR, Hamburger ME, Vlahov D, et al. Mortality, CD4 cell decline, and depressive symptomatology among HIV-seropositive women: longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. JAMA 2001; 285: 1466–74.
- Jones DJ, Beach SR, Forehand R, Family Health Project Research Group. Disease status in African American single mothers with HIV: the role of depressive symptoms. Health Psychol 2001; 20: 417–23.
- Patterson TL, Semple SJ, Temoshok LR, et al. Stress and depressive symptoms prospectively predict immune change among HIV-seropositive men. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Psychiatry 1995; 58: 299–312.
- ↵
- Rotheram-Borus MJ, Stein JA. Problem behavior of adolescents whose parents are living with AIDS. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1999; 69: 228–39.
- Stein JA, Riedel M, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Parentification and its impact on adolescent children of parents with AIDS. Fam Process 1999; 38: 193–208.
In this issue
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Practice
Vol. 18, Issue 5
1 Sep 2005
Psychological Distress, Substance Use, and Adjustment among Parents Living with HIV
Risë B. Goldstein, Mallory O. Johnson, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Sheri B. Kirshenbaum, Rogério M. Pinto, Lauren Kittel, Willo Pequegnat, Joanne D. Mickalian, Lance S. Weinhardt, Jeffrey A. Kelly, Marguerita Lightfoot
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Practice Sep 2005, 18 (5) 362-373; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.18.5.362
Psychological Distress, Substance Use, and Adjustment among Parents Living with HIV
Risë B. Goldstein, Mallory O. Johnson, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, Sheri B. Kirshenbaum, Rogério M. Pinto, Lauren Kittel, Willo Pequegnat, Joanne D. Mickalian, Lance S. Weinhardt, Jeffrey A. Kelly, Marguerita Lightfoot
The Journal of the American Board of Family
Practice Sep 2005, 18 (5) 362-373; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.18.5.362
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.