Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Adults Living with HIV by Parental Status (N = 3810)*
Characteristic Total Sample (%) Custodial Parents of Minor Children (n = 401) (%) Noncustodial/Parents of Grown Children (n = 1319) (%) Nonparents (n = 2090) (%) PValue Age in years, mean ± SD 41.5 ± 7.6 38.9 ± 6.2 43.4 ± 7.4 40.7 ± 7.7 <.0001 Behavioral risk group <.0001 MSM 45.6 6.7 19.3 69.7 IDU 8.1 1.8 6.4 10.3 Women 27.1 72.6 41.3 9.4 Heterosexual men 19.2 19.0 33.0 10.6 Ethnicity <.0001 African American 48.3 59.6 62.8 36.9 Hispanic 19.1 25.9 17.2 19.0 White 25.7 10.2 13.9 36.1 Other 7.0 4.2 6.2 8.0 Currently in a cohabiting primary relationship 23.5 40.4 24.9 19.3 <.0001 Educational attainment < high school graduation 26.2 40.5 34.5 18.2 <.0001 Currently residing in own house or apartment 62.8 77.0 57.8 63.2 <.0001 Current employment status <.0001 Legal job, paying income taxes 15.6 15.5 10.8 18.7 Legal job, paid “under the table” 13.6 13.0 12.3 15.6 Illegal job 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.8 Receives public assistance 32.5 54.1 36.9 25.5 <.0001 * Information on parental status is missing for 8 participants.
- Table 2.
Medical Status and Health Care Utilization among Adults Living with HIV by Parental Status (N = 3810)*
Characteristic Total Sample Custodial Parents of Minor Children (n = 401) Noncustodial/Parents of Grown Children (n = 1319) Nonparents (n = 2090) P Value Years since learned HIV serostatus, mean ± SD 8.4 ± 4.7 7.7 ± 4.1 8.1 ± 4.5 8.8 ± 4.8 <.0001 Last self-reported CD4 count <200 20.4% 15.1% 20.7% 21.2% .0309 Last viral load detectable (self-report) 59.3% 54.7% 58.1% 61.0% .0377 HIV-related symptom count, mean ± SD 12.4 ± 5.7 12.4 ± 5.9 12.3 ± 5.9 12.6 ± 5.5 .3145 Distress due to HIV-related symptoms, mean ± SD† 2.8 ± 0.5 2.9 ± 0.5 2.9 ± 0.5 2.8 ± 0.5 <.0001 Currently taking antiretrovirals 74.7% 72.6% 73.7% 75.7% .2378 Adherent to all medications, past 3 days 63.7% 53.0% 63.5% 65.8% .0002 Any missed medical appointments, past 3 months 47.7% 53.0% 48.9% 46.1% .0418 * Information on parental status is missing for 8 participants.
† Rated 1 (doesn’t bother at all) to 4 (bothers a great deal).
- Table 3.
Crude and Adjusted Associations of Mental Health and Adjustment Measures with Parental Status (N = 3810)*
Measure Total Sample Custodial Parents of Minor Children (n = 401) Noncustodial/ Parents of Grown Children (n = 1319) Nonparents (n = 2090) Adjusted Odds Ratios or Regression Coefficients (95% CI)† Custodial vs. nonparents Noncustodial vs. nonparents Beck Depression Inventory score, mean ± SD 12.9 ± 9.0 13.1 ± 9.3 13.0 ± 9.1 12.8 ± 8.8 MSM 0.88 (−2.15, 3.90) 0.60 (−0.48, 1.69) IDU 13.10 (6.64, 19.57) 1.43 (−0.58, 3.44) Women −0.66 (−2.12, 0.80) −0.75 (−2.03, 0.52) Heterosexual men 0.33 (−1.76, 2.42) 1.12 (−0.19, 2.43) Frequent† substance use (%) 31.6 22.7 33.2 32.4 African American 0.63 (0.43, 0.92) 0.87 (0.68, 1.13) Hispanic 0.46 (0.21, 0.98) 1.40 (0.94, 2.09) White 0.84 (0.51, 2.72) 1.52 (1.03, 2.25) Other ethnicities 0.87 (0.65, 1.16) 1.06 (0.58, 1.94) Substance abuse treatment, past 3 months (%) 46.1 41.7 59.1 38.7 MSM 1.06 (0.46, 2.43) 1.51 (1.14, 2.01) IDU 3.52 (0.39, 31.62) 2.49 (1.35, 4.59) Women 0.47 (0.32, 0.69) 1.24 (0.88, 1.75) Heterosexual men 0.93 (0.54, 1.61) 1.36 (0.64, 1.26) STAI score, mean ± SD 36.3 ± 11.0 37.2 ± 11.4 36.0 ± 10.7 36.3 ± 11.1 . African American, no current employment income 4.40 (2.60, 6.20) 2.19 (1.00, 3.38) African American, current employment income 1.34 (−1.04, 3.72) 1.68 (0.62, 3.99) STAI score >42 (%) 26.5 29.8 25.8 26.3 African American 2.20 (1.51, 3.22) 1.60 (1.21, 2.10) Hispanic 0.46 (0.21, 0.98) 1.40 (0.94, 2.09) White 0.84 (0.51, 2.72) 1.52 (1.03, 2.25) Other ethnicities 0.49 (0.15, 1.62) 1.06 (0.58, 1.94) Currently taking anti-anxiety medication (%) 19.7 19.2 17.1 21.5 No current welfare income 0.85 (0.53, 1.35) 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) Current welfare income 1.79 (1.10, 2.92) 1.01 (0.70, 1.46) Positive States of Mind Scale, mean ± SD 12.9 ± 3.5 12.9 ± 3.6 13.0 ± 3.6 12.9 ± 3.4 −0.48 (−0.89, −0.07) −0.24 (−0.51, 0.03) Coping self-efficacy, mean ± SD 6.6 ± 1.8 6.7 ± 1.8 6.7 ± 1.8 6.6 ± 1.8 African American, MSM −0.94 (−1.59, −0.28) −0.56 (−0.82, −0.30) African American, IDU −1.40 (−2.80, 0.00) −0.85 (−1.32, −0.38) Hispanic, women 0.46 (0.01, 0.91) 0.55 (0.18, 0.92) White, women 0.37 (−0.22, 0.93) 0.51 (0.13, 0.89) Other ethnicities, MSM −1.00 (−2.04, 0.03) −0.57 (−1.05, −0.10) Other ethnicities, IDU −1.47 (−3.10, 0.16) −0.86 (−1.46, −0.27) * Information on parental status is missing for 8 participants.
† Defined as alcohol > daily, any other drug > 4 times weekly, or any injection in the past 3 months.
