Research ArticleOriginal Research

A Systematic Review of Clinical Prediction Rules for the Diagnosis of Influenza

Mark H. Ebell, Ivan Rahmatullah, Xinyan Cai, Michelle Bentivegna, Cassie Hulme, Matthew Thompson and Barry Lutz
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2021, 34 (6) 1123-1140; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.06.210110

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Dushoff J,
    2. Plotkin JB,
    3. Viboud C,
    4. Earn DJD,
    5. Simonsen L
    . Mortality due to influenza in the United States - An annualized regression approach using multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:181–7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  2. 2.↵
    1. Rolfes MA,
    2. Foppa IM,
    3. Garg S,
    4. et al
    . Annual estimates of the burden of seasonal influenza in the United States: a tool for strengthening influenza surveillance and preparedness. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018;12:132–7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. Ebell MH,
    2. Call M,
    3. Shinholser J
    . Effectiveness of oseltamivir in adults: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished clinical trials. Fam Pract 2013;30:125–33.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  4. 4.↵
    1. Jefferson T,
    2. Jones M,
    3. Doshi P,
    4. Del Mar C
    . Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2009;339:b5106.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  5. 5.↵
    1. Chiu NC,
    2. Chi H,
    3. Tai YL,
    4. et al
    . Impact of wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing on influenza, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia during the coronavirus pandemic: Retrospective national epidemiological surveillance study. J Med Internet Res 2020;22:e21257.
    OpenUrl
  6. 6.↵
    1. Centor RM,
    2. Witherspoon JM,
    3. Dalton HP,
    4. Brody CE,
    5. Link K
    . The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room. Med Decis Making 1981;1:239–46.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. van Belle A,
    2. Büller HR,
    3. Huisman MV
    , Christopher Study Investigators, et al. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. JAMA 2006;295:172–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  8. 8.↵
    1. Lucassen W,
    2. Geersing GJ,
    3. Erkens PM,
    4. et al
    . Clinical decision rules for excluding pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2011;155:448–60.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  9. 9.↵
    1. Kline JA,
    2. Mitchell AM,
    3. Kabrhel C,
    4. Richman PB,
    5. Courtney DM
    . Clinical criteria to prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing in emergency department patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:1247–55.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. 10.↵
    1. Stiell IG,
    2. Greenberg GH,
    3. McKnight RD,
    4. Nair RC,
    5. McDowell I,
    6. Worthington JR
    . A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:384–90.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  11. 11.↵
    1. Ebell MH,
    2. White LL,
    3. Casault T
    . A systematic review of the history and physical examination to diagnose influenza. J Am Board Fam Pract 2004;17:1–5.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    1. Call SA,
    2. Vollenweider MA,
    3. Hornung CA,
    4. Simel DL,
    5. McKinney WP
    . Does this patient have influenza? JAMA 2005;293:987.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  13. 13.↵
    1. Ebell MH,
    2. Afonso A
    . A systematic review of clinical decision rules for the diagnosis of influenza. Ann Fam Med 2011;9:69–77.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  14. 14.↵
    1. Ebell MH,
    2. Fahey T,
    3. Murphy ME,
    4. Barry A,
    5. Barry H,
    6. Hickner J
    . An updated and more efficient search strategy to identify primary care–relevant clinical prediction rules. J Clin Epidemiol 2020;125:26–9.
    OpenUrl
  15. 15.↵
    1. Lijmer JG,
    2. Bossuyt PM,
    3. Heisterkamp SH
    . Exploring sources of heterogeneity in systematic reviews of diagnostic tests. Stat Med 2002;21:1525–37.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  16. 16.↵
    R Development Core Team R. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; 2011.
  17. 17.↵
    1. Ebell MH,
    2. Afonso AM,
    3. Gonzales R,
    4. Stein J,
    5. Genton B,
    6. Senn N
    . Development and validation of a clinical decision rule for the diagnosis of influenza. J Am Board Fam Med 2012;25.
  18. 18.↵
    1. Afonso AM,
    2. Ebell MH,
    3. Gonzales R,
    4. Stein J,
    5. Genton B,
    6. Senn N
    . The use of classification and regression trees to predict the likelihood of seasonal influenza. Fam Pract 2012;29:671–7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Govaert TME,
    2. Dinant GJ,
    3. Aretz K,
    4. Knottnerus JA
    . The predictive value of influenza symptomatology in elderly people. Fam Pract 1998;15:16–22.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    1. Woolpert T,
    2. Brodine S,
    3. Lemus H,
    4. Waalen J,
    5. Blair P,
    6. Faix D
    . Determination of clinical and demographic predictors of laboratory-confirmed influenza with subtype analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2012;12:129.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Dugas AF,
    2. Hsieh YH,
    3. Lovecchio F
    , Emergency Department National Influenza Network Investigators, et al. Derivation and validation of a clinical decision guideline for influenza testing in 4 US emergency departments. Clin Infect Dis 2020;70:49–58.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Ranjan P,
    2. Kumari A,
    3. Das R,
    4. Gupta L,
    5. Singh S,
    6. Yadav M
    . Evaluation of clinical features scoring system as screening tool for influenza A (H1N1) in epidemic situations. J Postgrad Med 2012;58:265–9.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Vuichard-Gysin D,
    2. Mertz D,
    3. Pullenayegum E,
    4. Singh P,
    5. Smieja M,
    6. Loeb M
    . Development and validation of clinical prediction models to distinguish influenza from other viruses causing acute respiratory infections in children and adults. PLoS ONE 2019;14:e0212050.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.↵
    1. Zimmerman RK,
    2. Balasubramani GK,
    3. Nowalk MP,
    4. et al
    . Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to predict influenza in primary care patients. BMC Infect Dis 2016;16:503.
    OpenUrl
  25. 25.↵
    1. Moons KG,
    2. Altman DG,
    3. Reitsma JB,
    4. et al
    . Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2015;162:W1–73.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Anderson KB,
    2. Simasathien S,
    3. Watanaveeradej V,
    4. et al
    . Clinical and laboratory predictors of influenza infection among individuals with influenza-like illness presenting to an urban Thai hospital over a five-year period. PLoS ONE 2018;13:e0193050.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. van Vugt SF,
    2. Broekhuizen BDL,
    3. Zuithoff NPA
    , on Behalf of the GRACE Consortium, et al. Validity of a clinical model to predict influenza in patients presenting with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection in primary care. FAMPRJ 2015;32:cmv039.
    OpenUrl
  28. 28.↵
    1. Pauker SG,
    2. Kassirer JP
    . The threshold approach to clinical decision making. N Engl J Med 1980;302:1109–17.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  29. 29.↵
    1. Ebell MH,
    2. Locatelli I,
    3. Senn N
    . A novel approach to the determination of clinical decision thresholds. Evidence-Based Med 2015;20.
  30. 30.↵
    1. Rothberg MB,
    2. Bellantonio S,
    3. Rose DN
    . Management of influenza in adults older than 65 years of age: cost-effectiveness of rapid testing and antiviral therapy. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:321–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. 31.↵
    1. Tu JV
    . Advantages and disadvantages of using artificial neural networks versus logistic regression for predicting medical outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:1225–31.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. 32.↵
    1. Phillips ND,
    2. Neth H,
    3. Woike JK,
    4. Gaissmaier W
    . FFTrees: A toolbox to create, visualize, and evaluate fast-and-frugal decision trees. Judgment and Decision Making 2017;12(4):344–68.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    1. Monaghesh E,
    2. Hajizadeh A
    . The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: a systematic review based on current evidence. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1193.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Lyon V,
    2. Zigman Suchsland M,
    3. Chilver M,
    4. et al
    . Diagnostic accuracy of an app-guided, self-administered test for influenza among individuals presenting to general practice with influenza-like illness: study protocol. BMJ Open 2020;10:e036298.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools

Jump to section

Keywords