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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Effect of an Integrated Clinical Pharmacist on the Drivers of Provider Burnout in the Primary Care Setting

Jordan D. Haag, Kaitlin J. Yost, Kimberly A. Kosloski Tarpenning, Audrey J. Umbreit, Sarah A. McGill, Amy L. Rantala, James A. Storlie, Jay D. Mitchell, Ross A. Dierkhising and Nilay D. Shah
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2021, 34 (3) 553-560; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.03.200597
Jordan D. Haag
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Kaitlin J. Yost
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Kimberly A. Kosloski Tarpenning
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Audrey J. Umbreit
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Sarah A. McGill
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Amy L. Rantala
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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James A. Storlie
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Jay D. Mitchell
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Ross A. Dierkhising
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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Nilay D. Shah
the Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDH); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (KJY); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna — Southeast Minnesota region, MN (KAKT); Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System — Southwest Minnesota region, Mankato, MN (AJU); Avera Medical Group Brookings, Brookings, SD (SAM); Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System — Northwest Wisconsin region, Eau Claire, WI (ALR, JAS); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (JDM); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (RAD); Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NDS).
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    Figure 1.

    Provider Reasons for Pharmacist Utilization for Collaboration Activities, (n = 119).

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    Table 1.

    Survey Responses: Effects of Integrated Pharmacists on Drivers of Burnout (n = 113)

    Survey Sub-questionResponse*
    Strongly AgreeSomewhat AgreeNeither Agree nor DisagreeSomewhat DisagreeStrongly Disagree
    Workload and job demands
    The clinical pharmacist is working together with other non-PCP members of our clinic team, and this results in my workload decreasing.75 (66)24 (21)9 (8)1 (1)4 (4)
    The integrated clinical pharmacist support is a critical component of the health care team structure. (n = 112)97 (87)11 (10)1 (1)1 (1)2 (2)
    Working with the clinical pharmacist results in a decreased amount of time I spend answering patient questions during nonvisit care time.73 (65)27 (24)8 (7)1 (1)4 (4)
    Efficiency and resources
    Clinical pharmacy services have improved overall medication use within my practice.91 (81)16 (14)3 (3)0 (0)3 (3)
    Patients who work with our clinical pharmacist make progress towards their health goals.90 (80)19 (17)2 (2)0 (0)2 (2)
    Clinical pharmacy services improve our clinic's ability to meet health care quality measures.91 (81)15 (13)4 (4)1 (1)2 (2)
    Clinical pharmacy services have helped to more effectively manage my panel of patients. (n = 112)84 (75)17 (15)6 (5)2 (2)3 (3)
    Meaning in work
    Integration of a clinical pharmacist in my practice allows me to focus more on patient care and other activities that I find professionally fulfilling.79 (70)24 (21)5 (4)2 (2)3 (3)
    Clinical pharmacy services at my site has increased my opportunities for professional development.64 (68)23 (20)20 (18)1 (1)5 (4)
    Social support and community at work
    I feel less emotional exhaustion when I co-manage complex patients with the clinical pharmacist.77 (68)23 (20)9 (8)0 (0)4 (4)
    • PCP, primary care provider.

    • ↵* Values are number (N) and percentage (%) of respondents.

    • Used with permission of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 34 (3)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 34, Issue 3
May/June 2020
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Effect of an Integrated Clinical Pharmacist on the Drivers of Provider Burnout in the Primary Care Setting
Jordan D. Haag, Kaitlin J. Yost, Kimberly A. Kosloski Tarpenning, Audrey J. Umbreit, Sarah A. McGill, Amy L. Rantala, James A. Storlie, Jay D. Mitchell, Ross A. Dierkhising, Nilay D. Shah
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2021, 34 (3) 553-560; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.03.200597

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Effect of an Integrated Clinical Pharmacist on the Drivers of Provider Burnout in the Primary Care Setting
Jordan D. Haag, Kaitlin J. Yost, Kimberly A. Kosloski Tarpenning, Audrey J. Umbreit, Sarah A. McGill, Amy L. Rantala, James A. Storlie, Jay D. Mitchell, Ross A. Dierkhising, Nilay D. Shah
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2021, 34 (3) 553-560; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.03.200597
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Keywords

  • Clinical Pharmacy Service
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
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