Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Trial recruitment flowchart.
- Figure 2.
Portal initiation and use at 3–6 month followup, comparing trial participants to usual care comparison group.
- Figure 3.
Rates of portal use at 3–6 month followup by key patient demographics and health characteristics.
Tables
Variable Overall (n = 93) Take-Home Training Arm (n = 49) In-Person Training Arm (n = 44) P-value (t-test or χ2 test) Age, mean (SD) 54.3 (13) 52.5 (14) 56.3 (10) .14 Gender, n (%) .48 Female 48 (52) 25 (51) 23 (52) Race/ethnicity, n (%) .79 White or Caucasian 35 (39) 17 (35) 18 (41) African American or Black 26 (29) 15 (27) 11 (30) Hispanic/Latino 11 (12) 7 (14) 4 (9) Asian or Pacific Islander 12 (14) 6 (12) 6 (14) Other/mixed 5 (6) 4 (8) 1 (2) Health Literacy*, n (%) .84 Limited 47 (51) 25 (52) 22 (50) Adequate 45 (49) 23 (48) 22 (50) English Proficiency†, n (%) .56 Limited 23 (25) 12 (25) 10 (23) Advanced 69 (75) 36 (74) 33 (75) Self-Rated Health Status, n (%) .73 Fair or poor 41 (45) 21 (43) 20 (47) Chronic condition, n (%) Hypertension 50 (58) 28 (57) 22 (50) .49 Depression 36 (42) 20 (41) 16 (36) .66 Diabetes 33 (38) 16 (33) 17 (39) .55 Anxiety 31 (36) 22 (45) 9 (21) .01 Asthma or COPD 21 (23) 11 (22) 10 (23) .97 Heart Disease 8 (9) 5 (10) 3 (7) .56 Heart Failure 6 (6) 4 (8) 2 (5) .48 Chronic kidney disease 6 (7) 2 (4) 4 (9) .42 Frequency of Internet use, n (%) .57 Daily 71 (76) 36 (75) 35 (80) Weekly 14 (15) 9 (19) 5 (11) Every 2 to 3 weeks or less 7 (8) 3 (6) 4 (9) COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; SD, standard deviation.
↵* Limited health literacy categorized as any self-reported lack of confidence (less than extremely confident) filling out medical forms on own.
↵† Limited English proficiency categorized as any self-reported limitation in speaking English (less than very well).
- Table 2.
Primary Trial Outcomes: Portal Initiation and Use at 3–6-Month Followup Assessed via Electronic Health Record
In-Person Training Arm (n = 44) Take-Home Training Arm (n = 49) P-Value (χ2 tests) Intention to Treat Analysis: Comparison by Trial Arm, n (%) Accessed training curriculum 44 (100) 21 (43) <.001 Initiated sign-up for portal in clinic 8 (19) 9 (20) .9 Logged into portal Web site 9 (21) 9 (20) .8 Accessed Training (n = 65) Did Not Access Training (n = 28) P-Value (χ2 tests) Per Protocol Analysis: Comparison by Exposure to Portal Training, n (%) Initiated sign-up for portal in clinic 12 (20) 5 (19) 1.0 Logged into portal Web site 14 (23) 4 (15) 0.4 Overall participants: n = 93, including access to online training curriculum.
Portal use outcomes (initiation and log-ins): n = 88.
- Table 3.
Changes in Participants' Self-Reported Survey Measures from Baseline to Followup at 3 to 6 Months Post-Training
Variable Baseline Survey: N (%) or Mean (SD) Follow-up Survey: N (%) or Mean (SD) P-Value (paired t-test or McNemar's test) Interest/attitudes related to portal use Internet is useful for health decisions* 47 (65) 54 (75) .18 Important to get personal medical information electronically† 71 (95) 70 (93) 1.00 Confident in portal safeguards/privacy‡ 60 (80) 57 (76) .44 High interest in using MYSFHEALTH portal to see personal medical record§ 53 (72) 39 (53) .01 High interest in potential portal features‖ Appointment reminders 55 (73) 56 (75) .82 General health information 36 (48) 42 (56) .22 Medication reminders 43 (57) 43 (56) .83 Lab/test results 62 (83) 59 (79) .44 Skills for Portal Use Self-reported skills to use portal Web site¶ 46 (63) 57 (78) .03 High confidence in using MYSFHEALTH without help# 47 (67) 54 (77) .11 High confidence in using MYSFHEALTH to improve health# 44 (63) 41 (58) .53 eHealth Literacy (eHeals**) 14.4 (3.7) 16.2 (2.4) <.001 Self-reported Chronic Disease Management Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care†† 3.2 (1.0) 3.2 (0.9) .72 Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease‡‡ 6.3 (1.9) 6.7 (2.0) .10 MYSFHEALTH, the name of the online patient portal investigated in this trial; SD, standard devation.
Sample size is n = 75 with complete data at both time points.
↵* Usefulness categorized as very useful/useful vs. neutral/not useful/not at all useful.
↵† Importance categorized as very/somewhat vs. not at all important.
↵‡ Confidence in safeguards categorized as very/somewhat vs. not confident.
↵§ Interest in portal categorized as high interest vs. low/neutral/moderate/none/need more information.
↵‖ Interest in portal features categorized as high interest vs. somewhat/a little/not at all interested.
↵¶ Skills categorized as strongly agree/agree vs. neutral/disagree/strongly disagree.
↵# Confidence in using portal without help and to improve health categorized as 8 to 10 vs. 1 to 7.
↵** eHeals score calculated using 4 of 8 eHeals questions; range, 4 to 20 with higher score noting higher perceived eHealth literacy.
↵†† Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care Survey; range, 1 to 5 with higher score noting higher ratings of chronic illness scare.
↵‡‡ Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale; range, 1 to 10 with higher score noting higher self-efficacy.
