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Research ArticleEvidence-Based Clinical Medicine

Practical Recommendations for Minimizing Pain and Anxiety with IUD Insertion

Viktoriya Ovsepyan, Petra Kelsey and Ann E. Evensen
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2024, 37 (6) 1150-1155; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2024.240079R1
Viktoriya Ovsepyan
From the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health – Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Madison, Wisconsin (VO, AEE); One Medical Austin, Texas (PK).
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Petra Kelsey
From the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health – Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Madison, Wisconsin (VO, AEE); One Medical Austin, Texas (PK).
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Ann E. Evensen
From the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health – Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Madison, Wisconsin (VO, AEE); One Medical Austin, Texas (PK).
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    Table 1.

    Effective Pharmacologic Methods for Reducing Pain with IUD Insertion

    RecommendationStrength of RecommendationProsCons
    Lidocaine-prilocaine cream and EMLA creamA8,12,16–17,19Decreased pain with tenaculum placement, during uterine sounding, and with IUD insertionNot commonly stocked in clinics
    Needs to be applied ∼5 to 15 minutes before procedure
    10% lidocaine sprayA8,12,16,18Decreased pain with tenaculum placement, during sounding, and with IUD insertionNot commonly stocked in clinics
    Needs to be applied ∼5 to 15 minutes before procedure
    Lidocaine paracervical block
    10-20 mL 1% lidocaine and 10 mL 2% lidocaine
    A 8,12,20–21Decreased pain with tenaculum placement, uterine sounding, IUD insertion
    Decreased pain 5 minutes after placement
    Pain with lidocaine injection
    Tramadol 50 mg (orally)A12,13Decreased pain with IUD insertion, more pain reduction than naproxenNeeds to be taken 30 – 60 minutes before procedure
    Naproxen 550 mg (orally)A12,13Decreased pain with IUD insertion, decreased pain 5 minutes and 15 minutes after insertionNeeds to be taken 30 – 60 minutes before procedure
    • Abbreviations: EMLA, Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics; IUD, Intrauterine Device.

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    Table 2.

    Nonpharmacologic Methods for Reducing Pain or Anxiety with Gynecologic Procedures

    RecommendationStrength of RecommendationProsCons
    “Verbal Analgesia”/“Vocal Local”A7,35–37Reduces anxiety and pain (with IUD insertion)*Continuous communication with patient may be difficult for some clinicians
    Lavender aromatherapy reduces anxietyA29,30Reduces anxiety, readily available, easy to offer in a clinic setting (with IUD insertion and intrauterine insemination)Cost, some clinic settings are fragrance-free because of patient allergies and sensitivities
    Distraction: MusicA28,31–33Reduces anxiety and pain (with hysteroscopy and colposcopy)May be distracting for clinicians
    Pre-insertion counselingB7,27–28Reduces pain (with IUD insertion)Requires additional appointment before IUD insertion
    Valsalva instead of tenaculum useB38,39Reduces pain, less bleeding during procedure (with IUD insertion and endometrial biopsy, only multiparous patients included in both studies)Evidence supports the use of tenaculum for cervix immobilization7,41
    Distraction: watching TVB34Reduces anxiety, provides topic of conversation during procedure (with gynecologic procedures, including IUD insertion)Cost, may be distracting for clinician
    Heating pad during procedureC7May be distraction and/or source of comfort for patient (with IUD insertion procedure)Cost
    • ↵*Cited references support use for these procedure.

    • Abbreviations: IUD, Intrauterine Device.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 37 (6)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 37, Issue 6
November-December 2024
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Practical Recommendations for Minimizing Pain and Anxiety with IUD Insertion
Viktoriya Ovsepyan, Petra Kelsey, Ann E. Evensen
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2024, 37 (6) 1150-1155; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2024.240079R1

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Practical Recommendations for Minimizing Pain and Anxiety with IUD Insertion
Viktoriya Ovsepyan, Petra Kelsey, Ann E. Evensen
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2024, 37 (6) 1150-1155; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2024.240079R1
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Keywords

  • Anxiety
  • Contraceptives
  • Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Intrauterine Devices
  • Pain Management
  • Reproductive Health
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