Associations Between Patient/Caregiver Trust in Clinicians and Experiences of Healthcare-Based Discrimination

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).

From the California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA (AK); Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (LMG, EHDM); Children’s HealthWatch, Boston, MA (SEDC); School of Public Health & Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA (SEDC); Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, North Worcester, MA (EB); Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA (EWF); Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (EWF); Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI (AJC); Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AJC); Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health (AJC); Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (NJG); Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (MJO); Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (CRC).