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Total Engaged Not Engaged Factors (n = 43,347) (n = 16,811, 39%) (n = 26,536, 61%) Sociodemographics Gender Women 25,796 60% 10,707 64% 15,089 57% Men 17,549 40% 6,104 36% 11,445 43% Age, years (mean [SD]) 43 16 45 16 41 16 Age, years Under 40 21,674 50% 7,266 43% 14,408 54% 40 to 59 14,145 33% 6,135 36% 8,010 30% 60+ 7528 17% 3,410 20% 4,118 16% Race/Ethnicity White 11,845 27% 4,198 25% 7,647 29% Hispanic/Latino 13,896 32% 5,877 35% 8,019 30% Asian/Pacific Islander 4,389 10% 1,627 10% 2,762 10% Black/African American 9,288 21% 3,655 22% 5,633 21% Other 3,929 9% 1,454 9% 2,475 9% Language English 34,007 78% 12,410 74% 21,597 81% Spanish 6,645 15% 3,335 20% 3,310 12% Other/Unknown 2,695 6% 1,066 6% 1,629 6% Marital Status Attached 10,212 24% 4,457 27% 5,755 22% Previously Attached 6,743 16% 3,138 19% 3,605 14% Single 24,813 57% 8,926 53% 15,887 60% Unknown 1,579 4% 290 2% 1,289 5% History of Homelessness 1,783 4% 792 5% 991 4% Risk Tier 1 - Higher 10,778 25% 3,955 24% 6,823 26% 2 - Lower 32,569 75% 12,856 76% 19,713 74% Behavioral Acuity Level Stable 34,932 81% 13,066 78% 21,866 82% Mild - Moderate 5,265 12% 2,427 14% 2,838 11% Moderate - Severe 3,150 7% 1,318 8% 1,832 7% Medical History AOD Dependence 8,666 20% 3,198 19% 5,468 20% Cancer 1,974 4% 921 5% 1,053 4% Chronic Pain 12,975 29% 5,991 35% 6,984 26% COPD 2,754 6% 1,197 7% 1,557 6% Depressive Disorder 12,387 28% 5,467 32% 6,920 26% Developmental Disorder 3,576 8% 1,417 8% 2,159 8% Diabetes 7,481 17% 3,431 20% 4,050 15% Disability 6,749 15% 2,906 17% 3,843 14% Liver Failure 1,948 4% 868 5% 1,080 4% Abbreviations: AOD, alcohol and other drugs; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.
Variable Est. Odds Ratio 95% CI Sociodemographics Gender (reference group, Man) Woman 1.24** 1.19 - 1.29 Age, years (reference group, 18 to 39) 40 to 59 1.29** 1.22 - 1.36 60+ 1.26** 1.18 - 1.36 Race (reference group, White) Asian/Pacific Islander 1.09* 1.00 - 1.18 Black/African American 1.38** 1.30 - 1.46 Hispanic/Latino 1.24** 1.16 - 1.32 Other 1.16** 1.07 - 1.26 Language (reference group, English) Spanish 1.47** 1.37 - 1.58 Other 1.06 0.96 - 1.16 Marital Status (reference group, Attached) Previously Attached 1.04 0.97 - 1.11 Single 0.85** 0.81 - 0.90 Unknown 0.39** 0.34 - 0.45 History of Homelessness 1.17** 1.05 - 1.30 Risk Tier (reference group, 1 - Higher Risk) 2 - Lower Risk 1.15** 1.06 - 1.25 Behavioral Acuity Level (reference group, Stable) Mild - Moderate 1.40** 1.31 - 1.50 Moderate - Severe 1.21** 1.11 - 1.32 Medical History AOD Dependence 0.94 0.89 - 1.00 Cancer 1.18** 1.07 - 1.30 Chronic Pain 1.32** 1.26 - 1.38 COPD 1.06 0.97 - 1.15 Depressive Disorder 1.18** 1.13 - 1.24 Developmental Disorder 1.04 0.97 - 1.12 Diabetes 1.16** 1.09 - 1.23 Disability 1.15** 1.08 - 1.22 Liver Failure 1.13* 1.02 - 1.25 Random intercept 0.28 0.24 - 0.33 Variance of random intercept 0.22 0.17 - 0.29 Intra-class correlation coefficient 0.06 Boldface indicates statistical significance (*P < .05, **P < .01).
Abbreviations: AOD, alcohol and other drugs; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval.
Case Manager Type Count Patients Assigned Percent of Total Patients Community Health Worker, Telephonic 41 28,620 66% Registered Nurse 31 5,093 12% Social Worker 16 2,818 7% Substance Abuse Counselor 13 1,975 5% Mental Health Care Specialist 12 1,645 4% Community Health Worker, In-Person 10 2,080 5% Housing Stability Specialist 5 1,116 3% - Table A1.
Association Between Patient Characteristics and Engagement Before and During COVID-19
Before COVID-19 COVID-19 n = 31,441 n = 11,904 Variable Est. Odds Ratio 95% CI Est. Odds Ratio 95% CI Sociodemographics Gender (reference group, Man) Woman 1.21** 1.15 - 1.27 1.25** 1.15 - 1.36 Age, years (reference group, 18 to 39) 40 to 59 1.28** 1.21 - 1.36 1.28** 1.16 - 1.41 60+ 1.28** 1.18 - 1.39 1.18* 1.03 - 1.35 Race (reference group, White) Asian/Pacific Islander 1.12* 1.02 - 1.24 0.94 0.81 - 1.09 Black/African American 1.38** 1.29 - 1.47 1.23* 1.08 - 1.39 Hispanic/Latino 1.26** 1.17 - 1.35 1.12 0.99 - 1.26 Other 1.20** 1.1 - 1.32 1.03 0.88 - 1.20 Language (reference group, English) Spanish 1.54** 1.42 - 1.67 1.57** 1.38 - 1.78 Other 1.04 0.92 - 1.16 1.11 0.93 - 1.33 Marital Status (reference group, Attached) Previously Attached 1.04 0.96 - 1.12 1.03 0.90 - 1.19 Single 0.86** 0.81 - 0.92 0.90** 0.81 - 1.00 Unknown 0.37** 0.31 - 0.44 0.46** 0.37 - 0.59 History of Homelessness 1.29** 1.15 - 1.44 1.48** 1.18 - 1.87 Risk Tier (reference group, 1 - higher risk) 2, lower risk 1.48** 1.40 - 1.57 0.74** 0.67 - 0.81 Behavioral Acuity Level (reference group, Stable) Mild - Moderate 1.40** 1.29 - 1.51 1.38** 1.22 - 1.55 Moderate - Severe 1.20** 1.10 - 1.32 1.27** 1.07 - 1.50 Medical History AOD Dependence 1.01 0.95 - 1.08 0.8** 0.70 - 0.90 Cancer 1.20** 1.07 - 1.33 1.08 0.89 - 1.31 Chronic Pain 1.32** 1.25 - 1.39 1.29** 1.18 - 1.41 COPD 1.04 0.95 - 1.15 1.04 0.84 - 1.27 Depressive Disorder 1.19** 1.13 - 1.26 1.12* 1.02 - 1.24 Developmental Disorder 1.06 0.98 - 1.16 0.99 0.86- 1.14 Diabetes 1.12** 1.05 - 1.19 1.21** 1.08 - 1.36 Disability 1.14** 1.07 - 1.22 1.07 0.94 - 1.22 Liver Failure 1.17** 1.05 - 1.30 1.07 0.85 - 1.34 Boldface indicates statistical significance (*P < .05, **P < .01).
Abbreviations: AOD, alcohol and other drugs; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval.
