Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Archives
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • Other Publications
    • abfm

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
American Board of Family Medicine
  • Other Publications
    • abfm
American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Advanced Search

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Archives
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • JABFM on Bluesky
  • JABFM On Facebook
  • JABFM On Twitter
  • JABFM On YouTube
Research ArticleOriginal Research

The Gender Wage Gap Among Early-Career Family Physicians

Kaplan Sanders, Yalda Jabbarpour, Julie Phillips, Sarah Fleischer and Lars E. Peterson
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine March 2024, 37 (2) 270-278; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2023.230218R1
Kaplan Sanders
From the Utah Tech University, Department of Accounting, Finance, and Data Analytics, St. George, UT (KS), Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies, Washington, DC (YJ), Michigan State University, Department of Family Medicine, Lansing, MI (JP), American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, KY (SF, LEP), University of Kentucky, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Lexington, KY (LEP).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Yalda Jabbarpour
From the Utah Tech University, Department of Accounting, Finance, and Data Analytics, St. George, UT (KS), Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies, Washington, DC (YJ), Michigan State University, Department of Family Medicine, Lansing, MI (JP), American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, KY (SF, LEP), University of Kentucky, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Lexington, KY (LEP).
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Julie Phillips
From the Utah Tech University, Department of Accounting, Finance, and Data Analytics, St. George, UT (KS), Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies, Washington, DC (YJ), Michigan State University, Department of Family Medicine, Lansing, MI (JP), American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, KY (SF, LEP), University of Kentucky, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Lexington, KY (LEP).
MD, MPH
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sarah Fleischer
From the Utah Tech University, Department of Accounting, Finance, and Data Analytics, St. George, UT (KS), Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies, Washington, DC (YJ), Michigan State University, Department of Family Medicine, Lansing, MI (JP), American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, KY (SF, LEP), University of Kentucky, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Lexington, KY (LEP).
MS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lars E. Peterson
From the Utah Tech University, Department of Accounting, Finance, and Data Analytics, St. George, UT (KS), Robert Graham Center for Policy Studies, Washington, DC (YJ), Michigan State University, Department of Family Medicine, Lansing, MI (JP), American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, KY (SF, LEP), University of Kentucky, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Lexington, KY (LEP).
MD, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Horstman C
    . Male physicians earn more than women in primary and specialty care. Point Blog Commonw Fund. Published online July 27, 2022.
  2. 2.↵
    1. Jagsi R,
    2. Griffith KA,
    3. Stewart A,
    4. Sambuco D,
    5. DeCastro R,
    6. Ubel PA
    . Gender differences in salary in a recent cohort of early-career physician-researchers. Acad Med J Med 2013;88:1689–99.
    OpenUrl
  3. 3.↵
    1. Apaydin EA,
    2. Chen PGC,
    3. Friedberg MW
    . Differences in physician income by gender in a multiregion survey. J Gen Intern Med 2018;33:1574–81.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Freund KM,
    2. Raj A,
    3. Kaplan SE,
    4. et al
    . Inequities in academic compensation by gender: a follow-up to the National Faculty Survey Cohort Study. Acad Med J Med 2016;91:1068–73.
    OpenUrl
  5. 5.↵
    1. Bowles HR,
    2. Babcock L,
    3. Lai L
    . Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 2007;103:84–103.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  6. 6.↵
    2022 Review of Physician and Advanced Practitioner Recruiting Incentives. Merritt Hawkins; 2022. Available at: https://www.merritthawkins.com/uploadedFiles/MerrittHawkins/Content/News_and_Insights/Articles/mha-2022-incentive-review-final.pdf.
  7. 7.↵
    Active Physicians by Sex and Specialty. AAMC; 2021. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/data/active-physicians-sex-specialty-2021.
  8. 8.↵
    1. Ly DP,
    2. Seabury SA,
    3. Jena AB
    . Differences in incomes of physicians in the United States by race and sex: observational study. BMJ. Published online June 7, 2016;353:i2923.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  9. 9.↵
    1. Desai T,
    2. Ali S,
    3. Fang X,
    4. Thompson W,
    5. Jawa P,
    6. Vachharajani T
    . Equal work for unequal pay: the gender reimbursement gap for healthcare providers in the United States. Postgrad Med J 2016;92:571–5.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  10. 10.↵
    1. Jabbarpour Y,
    2. Wendling A,
    3. Taylor M,
    4. Bazemore A,
    5. Eden A,
    6. Chung Y
    . Family medicine’s gender pay gap. J Am Board Fam Med 2022;35:7–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  11. 11.↵
    1. Anderson A,
    2. Morgan ZJ,
    3. Olaisen RH,
    4. et al
    . Family physician income disparities by race and gender. J Am Board Fam Med 2022;35:859–61.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    Diversity in Medicine: Facts and Figures: Practice Specialty, Females by Race/Ethnicity. AAMC; 2019. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/data/table-12-practice-specialty-females-race/ethnicity-2018.
  13. 13.↵
    Diversity in Medicine: Facts and Figures: Practice Specialty, Males by Race/Ethnicity. AAMC; 2019. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/data/table-13-practice-specialty-males-race/ethnicity-2018.
  14. 14.↵
    1. Darves B
    . Demystifying urban versus rural physician compensation. NEJM Career Center Resources. Published March 4, 2019. Accessed May 1, 2023. Available at: https://resources.nejmcareercenter.org/article/demystifying-urban-versus-rural-physician-compensation/.
  15. 15.↵
    1. Weidner AKH,
    2. Chen FM,
    3. Peterson LE
    . Developing the National Family Medicine Graduate Survey. J Grad Med Educ 2017;9:570–3.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  16. 16.↵
    1. Peterson LE
    . Using the Family Medicine National Graduate Survey to improve residency education by monitoring training outcomes. Fam Med 2021;53:622–5.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  17. 17.↵
    U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Databases, tables & calculators by subject: CPI for all urban consumers (CPI-U). Published 2016. Accessed May 1, 2023. Available at: https://www.bls.gov/data/.
  18. 18.↵
    USDA ERS - Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed May 1, 2023. Available at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes.aspx.
  19. 19.↵
    1. Wright AL,
    2. Schwindt LA,
    3. Bassford TL,
    4. et al
    . Gender differences in academic advancement: patterns, causes, and potential solutions in one U.S. college of medicine. Acad Med 2003;78:500–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. 20.↵
    The Underrepresentation of Women in Leadership Positions at U.S. Medical Schools. Anal Brief AAMC. 2015;15(2). Available at: https://www.aamc.org/media/7946/download?attachment.
  21. 21.↵
    1. Recalde MP,
    2. Vesterlund L
    . Gender differences in negotiation: can interventions reduce the gap? Annu Rev Econ 2023;15:633–57.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Pelley E,
    2. Carnes M
    . When a specialty becomes “women’s work”: trends in and implications of specialty gender segregation in medicine. Acad Med J Med 2020;95:1499–506.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Phillips J,
    2. Hustedde C,
    3. Bjorkman S,
    4. et al
    . Rural women family physicians: strategies for successful work-life balance. Ann Fam Med 2016;14:244–51.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  24. 24.↵
    1. Ganguli I,
    2. Mulligan KL,
    3. Phillips RL,
    4. Basu S
    . How the gender wage gap for primary care physicians differs by compensation approach. Ann Intern Med 2022;175:1135–42.
    OpenUrl
  25. 25.↵
    1. Ganguli I,
    2. Sheridan B,
    3. Gray J,
    4. Chernew M,
    5. Rosenthal MB,
    6. Neprash H
    . Physician work hours and the gender pay gap—evidence from primary care. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1349–57.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  26. 26.↵
    1. Baker M,
    2. Halberstam Y,
    3. Kroft K,
    4. Mas A,
    5. Messacar D
    . Pay transparency and the gender gap. Published online May 2019.
  27. 27.↵
    1. Recalde M,
    2. Vesterlund L
    . Gender differences in negotiation and policy for improvement. Published online December 2020.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 37 (2)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 37, Issue 2
March-April 2024
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Board of Family Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
The Gender Wage Gap Among Early-Career Family Physicians
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Board of Family Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Board of Family Medicine web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
8 + 10 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
The Gender Wage Gap Among Early-Career Family Physicians
Kaplan Sanders, Yalda Jabbarpour, Julie Phillips, Sarah Fleischer, Lars E. Peterson
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Mar 2024, 37 (2) 270-278; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230218R1

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
The Gender Wage Gap Among Early-Career Family Physicians
Kaplan Sanders, Yalda Jabbarpour, Julie Phillips, Sarah Fleischer, Lars E. Peterson
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Mar 2024, 37 (2) 270-278; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230218R1
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Notes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Research to Improve Clinical Care in Family Medicine: Big Data, Telehealth, Artificial Intelligence, and More
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Associations Between Modifiable Preconception Care Indicators and Pregnancy Outcomes
  • Perceptions and Preferences for Defining Biosimilar Products in Prescription Drug Promotion
  • Evaluating Pragmatism of Lung Cancer Screening Randomized Trials with the PRECIS-2 Tool
Show more Original Research

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Diversity
  • Family Medicine
  • Family Physicians
  • Gender Equity
  • Policy
  • Regression Analysis
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Wages
  • Worker's Compensation
  • Workforce

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues

Authors & Reviewers

  • Info For Authors
  • Info For Reviewers
  • Submit A Manuscript/Review

Other Services

  • Get Email Alerts
  • Classifieds
  • Reprints and Permissions

Other Resources

  • Forms
  • Contact Us
  • ABFM News

© 2025 American Board of Family Medicine

Powered by HighWire