Research ArticleOriginal Research

Integrating Harm Reduction into Medical Care: Lessons from Three Models

Ji Eun Chang, Zoe Lindenfeld and Holly Hagan
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine May 2023, 36 (3) 449-461; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.220303R3

References

  1. 1.↵
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Drug overdose deaths in the U.S top 100,000 annually. National Center for Health Statistics. 2021 Nov 17. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2021/20211117.htm.
  2. 2.↵
    1. Haffajee RL
    . Tackling the drug overdose crisis: a novel health and human services strategy. Health Affairs Forefront 2022;Jan 24.
  3. 3.↵
    1. Hawk M,
    2. Coulter RW,
    3. Egan JE,
    4. et al
    . Harm reduction principles for healthcare settings. Harm Reduction Journal 2017;14:1–9. Dec.
    OpenUrl
  4. 4.↵
    1. Marlatt GA,
    2. Larimer ME,
    3. Witkiewitz K
    , eds. HR: pragmatic strategies for managing high-risk behaviors. Guilford Press; 2011 Dec 1.
  5. 5.↵
    1. Sue KL,
    2. Fiellin DA
    . Bringing HR into health policy-combating the overdose crisis. N Engl J Med 2021;384:1781–3.May 13.
    OpenUrl
  6. 6.↵
    1. FXB. Center For HealthHuman Rights At Harvard University
    From the war on drugs to HR: imagining a just overdose crisis response. 2020 December. Available from: https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2464/2020/12/Opioid-Whitepaper-Final-12-2020.pdf#page=23.
  7. 7.↵
    National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies). Opportunities to improve opioid use disorder and infectious disease services: Integrating responses to a dual epidemic. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2020.
  8. 8.↵
    National Academy of Medicine. Stigma of addiction summit: lessons learned and priorities for action. 2022 Jan 31. Available from: https://nam.edu/programs/action-collaborative-on-countering-the-u-s-opioid-epidemic/stigma-summit-proceedings/.
  9. 9.↵
    1. Krawczyk N,
    2. Allen ST,
    3. Schneider KE,
    4. et al
    . Intersecting substance use treatment and harm reduction services: exploring the characteristics and service needs of a community-based sample of people who use drugs. Harm Reduct J 2022;19:95. Aug 24.
    OpenUrl
  10. 10.↵
    1. Stancliff S
    . Harm reduction approach to treatment of all substance use disorders. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University; 2019 Aug. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558199/.
  11. 11.↵
    1. Marlatt GA
    . HR: Come as you are. Addictive Behaviors 1996;21:779–88.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  12. 12.↵
    1. Heller D,
    2. McCoy K,
    3. Cunningham C
    . An invisible barrier to integrating HIV primary care with HR services: philosophical clashes between the HR and medical models. Public Health Reports 2004;119:32–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  13. 13.↵
    1. O’Brien P,
    2. Crable E,
    3. Fullerton C,
    4. Hughey L
    . Final project report: best practices and barriers to engaging people with substance use disorders in treatment. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2019. Retrieved from: https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/260791/BestSUD.pdf.
  14. 14.↵
    Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Publication No. SMA 16-4984, NSDUH Series H-51. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA; 2016.
  15. 15.↵
    1. Fanucchi L,
    2. Lofwall MR
    . Putting parity into practice—integrating opioid-use disorder treatment into the hospital setting. N Engl J Med 2016;375:811–3. Sep 1.
    OpenUrl
  16. 16.↵
    1. Kennedy MC,
    2. Karamouzian M,
    3. Kerr T
    . Public health and public order outcomes associated with supervised drug consumption facilities: a systematic review. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2017;14:161–83. Oct.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Han JK,
    2. Hill LG,
    3. Koenig ME,
    4. Das N
    . Naloxone counseling for HR and patient engagement. Fam Med 2017;49:730–3.Oct 1.
    OpenUrl
  18. 18.↵
    1. Gjersing L,
    2. Bretteville-Jensen AL
    . Is opioid substitution treatment beneficial if injecting behaviour continues? Drug Alcohol Depend 2013;133:121–6.Nov 1.
    OpenUrl
  19. 19.↵
    1. Lea T,
    2. Kolstee J,
    3. Lambert S,
    4. Ness R,
    5. Hannan S,
    6. Holt M
    . Methamphetamine treatment outcomes among gay men attending a LGBTI-specific treatment service in Sydney, Australia. PLoS One 2017;12:e0172560 Feb 16.
    OpenUrl
  20. 20.↵
    1. Wright TE,
    2. Schuetter R,
    3. Fombonne E,
    4. Stephenson J,
    5. Haning WF
    . Implementation and evaluation of a HR model for clinical care of substance using pregnant women. Harm Reduction Journal 2012;9:1–0. Dec.
    OpenUrl
  21. 21.↵
    1. Hyshka E,
    2. Morris H,
    3. Anderson-Baron J,
    4. Nixon L,
    5. Dong K,
    6. Salvalaggio G
    . Patient perspectives on a HR-oriented addiction medicine consultation team implemented in a large acute care hospital. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2019;204:107523 Nov 1.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Chhabra M,
    2. Stavas N,
    3. Vij N,
    4. Kumar E,
    5. Shea JA
    . Understanding the health needs and priorities of people who access comprehensive HR programs. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2020;31:1747–64.
    OpenUrl
  23. 23.↵
    1. Harvey L,
    2. Taylor JL,
    3. Assoumou SA,
    4. et al
    . Sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among patients presenting to a low-barrier substance use disorder medication clinic. Journal of Addiction Medicine 2021;15:461–7. Nov.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.↵
    1. Joseph G,
    2. Torres-Lockhart K,
    3. Stein MR,
    4. Mund PA,
    5. Nahvi S
    . Reimagining patient-centered care in opioid treatment programs: lessons from the Bronx during COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021;122:108219. Mar 1.
    OpenUrl
  25. 25.↵
    1. Kapadia SN,
    2. Griffin JL,
    3. Waldman J,
    4. Ziebarth NR,
    5. Schackman BR,
    6. Behrends CN
    . A HR approach to treating opioid use disorder in an independent primary care practice: a qualitative study. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2021;1–8. Jan 19.
  26. 26.↵
    1. Jabareen Y
    . Building a conceptual framework: philosophy, definitions, and procedure. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2009;8:49–62. Dec.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Wu LT,
    2. McNeely J,
    3. Subramaniam GA,
    4. et al
    . DSM-5 substance use disorders among adult primary care patients: results from a multisite study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2017;179:42–6. Oct 1.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  28. 28.↵
    1. Tong A,
    2. Sainsbury P,
    3. Craig J
    . Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care 2007;19:349–57. PubMedGoogle Scholar Crossref.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  29. 29.↵
    1. Glaser B,
    2. Strauss A
    . Discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research (1st ed.). 1999. Routledge.
  30. 30.↵
    1. Strauss AL
    . Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge University Press; 1987 Jun 26.
  31. 31.↵
    1. Charmaz K
    . The power of constructivist grounded theory for critical inquiry. Qualitative Inquiry 2017;23:34–45. Jan.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  32. 32.↵
    Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Six domains of health care quality. 2018 Nov. Available from: https://www.ahrq.gov/talkingquality/measures/six-domains.html.
  33. 33.↵
    1. Tzelepis F,
    2. Sanson-Fisher RW,
    3. Zucca AC,
    4. Fradgley EA
    . Measuring the quality of patient-centered care: why patient-reported measures are critical to reliable assessment. Patient Preference and Adherence 2015;9:831.
    OpenUrl
  34. 34.↵
    1. Merrill JO,
    2. Rhodes LA,
    3. Deyo RA,
    4. Marlatt GA,
    5. Bradley KA
    . Mutual mistrust in the medical care of drug users. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17:327–33. May.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  35. 35.↵
    1. Underhill K,
    2. Morrow KM,
    3. Colleran C,
    4. et al
    . A qualitative study of medical mistrust, perceived discrimination, and risk behavior disclosure to clinicians by US male sex workers and other men who have sex with men: implications for biomedical HIV prevention. J Urban Health 2015;92:667–86. Aug.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  36. 36.↵
    1. Jaiswal J
    . Whose responsibility is it to dismantle medical mistrust? Future directions for researchers and health care providers. Behavioral Medicine 2019;45:188–96. Apr 3.
    OpenUrl
  37. 37.↵
    1. Lee S,
    2. Min D,
    3. Ryu JH,
    4. Yih Y
    . A simulation study of appointment scheduling in outpatient clinics: Open access and overbooking. Simulation 2013;89:1459–73. Dec.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  38. 38.↵
    Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS publication no. PEP20-07-01-001, NSDUH series H-55). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2020. Available from: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.
  39. 39.↵
    1. Chan Carusone S,
    2. Guta A,
    3. Robinson S,
    4. et al
    . “Maybe if I stop the drugs, then maybe they’d care?”—hospital care experiences of people who use drugs. Harm Reduction Journal 2019;16:1–0. Dec.
    OpenUrl
  40. 40.↵
    1. Olding M,
    2. Ivsins A,
    3. Mayer S,
    4. et al
    . A low-barrier and comprehensive community-based HR site in Vancouver. Canada. American Journal of Public Health 2020;110:833–5. Jun.
    OpenUrl
  41. 41.↵
    1. Carrico AW,
    2. Flentje A,
    3. Gruber VA,
    4. et al
    . Community-based HR substance abuse treatment with methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men. Journal of Urban Health 2014;91:555–67. Jun.
    OpenUrl
  42. 42.↵
    1. Wodak A,
    2. Maher L
    . The effectiveness of HR in preventing HIV among injecting drug users. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 2010;21:69–73. Jun 17.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  43. 43.↵
    1. Khan GK,
    2. Harvey L,
    3. Johnson S,
    4. et al
    . Integration of a community-based harm reduction program into a safety net hospital: a qualitative study. Harm Reduction Journal 2022;19:1. Dec.
    OpenUrl
  44. 44.↵
    1. Schafer P,
    2. Calvo M
    . The integration of harm reduction and healthcare implications and lessons for healthcare reform. New York Academy of Medicine. 2015. Available from: https://media.nyam.org/filer_public/42/31/4231f3da-a58f-4714-ae72-23dc18616ced/harm_reduction-report_rev1119.pdf.
  45. 45.↵
    1. Rachlis BS,
    2. Kerr T,
    3. Montaner JS,
    4. Wood E
    . Harm reduction in hospitals: is it time? Harm Reduction Journal 2009;6:1–4. Dec.
    OpenUrl
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Email Article
Citation Tools

Jump to section

Keywords