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Brief ReportBrief Report

Policies and Resources Identified by Youth as Being Important to Prepare for Caregiving Responsibilities

Minakshi Raj, Sara J. Feldman and Tammy Chang
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine July 2022, 35 (4) 814-820; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210540
Minakshi Raj
From Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL (MR), Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI (SJF), Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI (TC).
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Sara J. Feldman
From Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL (MR), Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI (SJF), Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI (TC).
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Tammy Chang
From Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL (MR), Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI (SJF), Department of Family Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI (TC).
MD, MPH, MS
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    Figure 1.

    Types of support identified by youth, by age (n = 905).

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    Figure 2.

    Types of support reported by youth with caregiving experience (n = 349).

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    Figure 3.

    Types of support reported by youth with caregiving experience, by age-group (n = 349).

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    Table 1.

    Characteristics of the Study Sample (n = 905)

    Full Samplea
    Frequency (%)
    Age, Mean (SD)18.9 (2.7)
        14 to 18467 (51.6)
        19 to 24438 (48.4)
    Gender
        Female421 (46.5)
        Male408 (45.1)
        Transgender40 (4.4)
        Nonbinary30 (3.3)
        Other5 (0.6)
    Race/Ethnicity
        White/Caucasian, NH511 (66.1)
        Black/African American, NH77 (10.0)
        Asian, NH128 (16.6)
        2+ Races, NH52 (6.7)
        Other, NHb5 (0.7)
        Hispanic120 (13.4)
    Highest educational attainment
        Some high school or lessc362 (40.0)
        High school graduate138 (15.2)
        Some college/ vocational training/associate degree286 (31.6)
        Bachelor's degree or higher117 (12.9)
    Region of U.S.
        West197 (21.8)
        Midwest302 (33.4)
        South254 (28.1)
        Northeast148 (16.4)
    Qualification for free/reduced lunch
        Yes342 (37.8)
    Previous or current caregiving experience349 (38.6)
    • ↵a Note: n = 893 to 905 due to missing values.

    • ↵b Includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native.

    • ↵c Includes currently in High School.

    • Abbreviations: NH, Native Hawaiian; SD, standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Resources to Support Youth in Current or Future Caregiving Responsibilities Identified by Respondents Age 14-24 (n = 905)

    Frequency (%)Representative Quotes
    Education382 (42.2)“Knowing what are some common mistakes maybe” 18, male, White or Caucasian
    “Guidebooks, informational videos or podcasts, medical resources available for how to correctly take care of them” 21, female, White or Caucasian
    Financial support238 (26.3)“Financial safety net, resources, help from others” 18, female, Asian
    “Having a strong financial backing” 20, male, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander and White
    Social/ professional support141 (15.6)“I'd hire a caregiver for them, or look after them during my free time” 15, female, Asian
    “Have funds set aside so I can pause work or even hire someone to help so I can finish things I need to do” 24, nonbinary, White or Caucasian
    Time and space89 (9.8)“Time, simply just the time to dedicate to taking care of them” 16, male, White or Caucasian
    “Making sure I live in an environment that's safe for them” 19, nonbinary, Black or African American
    Advance care planning87 (9.6)“Lay out a plan in advance that way we wouldn't have to think about it in a cramped amount of time” 14, male, White or Caucasian
    “Knowing what kinds of issues they have and how my actions affect them/what I can do to support them” 19, male, Asian
    Not sure80 (8.8)I'm not sure.” 17, female, White or Caucasian
    “I'm not sure. I wouldn't know what ways to prepare.” 19, female, Other (Hispanic)
    Workplace58 (6.4)“Stability, having a job that would accommodate the time and energy needed to take care of the person while also still working” 17, female, Asian
    “I would need some kind of training, or even a class on how to be a proper caregiver. I would also need the ability to take time off of work if needed” 24, transgender, Black or African American and White or Caucasian
    Nothing44 (4.9)“I don't think anything could” 18, transgender, White or Caucasian
    “Nothing prepares you for it. You learn as you go. Maybe working at a retirement home would help some. As well as therapy.” 19, female, White or Caucasian
    Mental health support34 (3.8)“I wish I would've known the emotional bank it takes to put energy into both yourself and another human being. I wasn't prepared to drain myself for her but that's exactly what I did. If there were a way I could prepare myself for the imbalance I would've taken it.” 18, female, Black or African American
    “Having a plan for respite” 24, female, White or Caucasian
    • Note: Respondents may have indicated multiple types of resources.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 35 (4)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 35, Issue 4
July/August 2022
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Policies and Resources Identified by Youth as Being Important to Prepare for Caregiving Responsibilities
Minakshi Raj, Sara J. Feldman, Tammy Chang
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2022, 35 (4) 814-820; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210540

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Policies and Resources Identified by Youth as Being Important to Prepare for Caregiving Responsibilities
Minakshi Raj, Sara J. Feldman, Tammy Chang
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2022, 35 (4) 814-820; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210540
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