Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Appendix Figure 1.
Distribution of Change in Total Minutes of Weekly Exercise Among Respondents.
- Appendix Figure 2.
Distribution of Change in Total Weekly Exercise, Stratified by Demographic Variables.
- Appendix Figure 3.
Distribution of Change in Total Weekly Exercise, Stratified by Before the Pandemic Employment Status (Panels) and During the Pandemic Employment Status.
Research Survey About Exercise Habits Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Tables
- Table 1.
Sample Demographics, Exercise Session Days/Wk, Session Duration, and Total Exercise Min/Wk
Session days/wk, median (IQR) Session duration, minutes, median (IQR) Total exercise min/wk, median (IQR) Category No. (%) Before During Change Before During Change Before During Change All respondents 382 (100%) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 36.2 (40.0) 30.0 (35.0) 0.0 (10.0) 120 (162.5) 85.0 (167.8) 0.0 (60.0) Age, years 18 to 24 46 (12.0) 3.0 (2.0) 2.8 (2.9) 0.0 (1.0) 40.0 (30.0) 30.0 (29.4) 0.0 (13.8) 120.0 (120.0) 75.0 (118.1) 0.0 (82.5) 25 to 34 123 (32.2) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 40.0 (30.0) 30.0 (37.5) 0.0 (12.5) 120.0 (150.0) 90.0 (169.4) 0.0 (63.8) 35 to 44 91 (23.8) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.2) 0.0 (2.0) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (42.5) 0.0 (20.0) 120.0 (160.0) 90.0 (170.1) 0.0 (90.0) 45 to 54 65 (17.0) 3.0 (3.0) 2.0 (4.0) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (40.0) 30.0 (45.0) 0.0 (7.5) 75.0 (157.5) 60.0 (150.0) 0.0 (37.5) 55 to 64 39 (10.2) 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 (2.5) 0.0 (0.0) 30.0 (25.0) 30.0 (32.5) 0.0 (0.0) 135.0 (156.2) 100.0 (180.0) 0.0 (0.0) 65 to 74 18 (4.7) 3.5 (3.8) 2.0 (4.5) 0.0 (0.8) 30.0 (23.8) 30.0 (24.5) 0.0 (0.0) 120.0 (127.5) 75.0 (151.8) 0.0 (23.8) Sex Female 248 (64.9) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (32.5) 30.0 (35.0) 0.0 (7.5) 90.0 (135.0) 72.5 (145.2) 0.0 (60.0) Male 134 (35.1) 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (1.5) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (54.9) 0.0 (15.0) 142.5 (170.6) 102.5 (206.2) 0.0 (90.0) Gender Man 135 (35.3) 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (1.5) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (53.2) 0.0 (15.0) 135.0 (168.8) 100.0 (203.4) 0.0 (90.0) Woman 247 (64.7) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (32.5) 30.0 (35.0) 0.0 (7.5) 90.0 (135.0) 70.0 (145.2) 0.0 (60.0) Race Asian 14 (3.7) 3.0 (0.9) 3.0 (2.5) −0.5 (2.1) 60.0 (15.0) 47.5 (30.0) 0.0 (9.4) 176.2 (60.0) 120.0 (93.8) −5.0 (95.6) Black 86 (22.5) 3.0 (1.9) 2.0 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (53.8) 20.0 (37.5) 0.0 (10.0) 90.0 (160.0) 38.8 (110.6) 0.0 (45.0) None 5 (1.3) 5.0 (1.0) 4.0 (4.0) −1.0 (1.5) 30.0 (30.0) 5.0 (30.0) −10.0 (30.0) 120.0 (210.0) 30.0 (120.0) −60.0 (15.0) Other/multiple 26 (6.8) 3.0 (1.9) 1.5 (3.4) 0.0 (1.9) 30.0 (25.0) 16.0 (30.0) 0.0 (18.8) 90.0 (107.5) 30.0 (101.2) 0.0 (71.2) White 251 (65.7) 3.0 (3.0) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 40.0 (30.0) 30.0 (25.0) 0.0 (7.5) 120.0 (154.4) 90.0 (150.0) 0.0 (60.0) Ethnicity Hispanic 46 (12.0) 3.0 (2.0) 2.0 (4.0) 0.0 (1.5) 33.8 (37.5) 30.0 (45.0) 0.0 (15.0) 102.5 (131.2) 63.8 (159.4) 0.0 (60.0) Not Hispanic 336 (88.0) 3.0 (2.0) 2.8 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 36.2 (40.0) 30.0 (33.1) 0.0 (8.1) 120.0 (165.0) 90.0 (165.0) 0.0 (60.0) Educational attainment Doctorate/professional degree 25 (6.5) 3.0 (2.0) 4.0 (4.0) 0.0 (2.0) 45.0 (22.5) 40.0 (30.0) 0.0 (7.5) 180.0 (135.0) 135.0 (142.5) 0.0 (160.0) Master's degree 42 (11.0) 3.8 (2.0) 4.0 (2.4) 0.0 (1.8) 40.0 (30.0) 38.8 (28.1) 0.0 (0.0) 150.0 (194.1) 167.5 (172.5) 0.0 (96.9) College graduate 145 (38.0) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (35.0) 0.0 (15.0) 120.0 (158.8) 90.0 (145.2) 0.0 (60.0) Some college 117 (30.6) 3.0 (2.0) 2.0 (3.5) 0.0 (1.5) 30.0 (40.0) 30.0 (45.0) 0.0 (11.0) 90.0 (135.0) 60.0 (157.5) 0.0 (75.0) High school graduate 42 (11.0) 3.0 (2.4) 2.0 (2.9) 0.0 (0.4) 27.5 (39.4) 22.5 (26.1) 0.0 (2.2) 83.8 (125.8) 60.0 (104.9) 0.0 (27.8) Some high school or less 11 (2.9) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (2.5) 0.0 (1.5) 15.0 (27.5) 0.0 (22.5) 0.0 (2.5) 45.0 (87.5) 0.0 (60.0) 0.0 (15.0) Before pandemic employment status Employed: work at home 41 (10.7) 3.0 (2.0) 3.0 (4.0) 0.0 (1.5) 37.5 (40.0) 30.0 (45.0) 0.0 (30.0) 135.0 (135.0) 60.0 (180.0) 0.0 (90.0) Employed: work away from home 217 (56.8) 3.0 (2.0) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 37.5 (30.0) 30.0 (30.0) 0.0 (10.0) 120.0 (150.0) 90.0 (165.0) 0.0 (60.0) Employed: work at home and away from home 36 (9.4) 3.0 (2.1) 2.8 (3.1) 0.0 (0.6) 42.5 (30.0) 32.5 (31.9) 0.0 (1.2) 120.0 (137.8) 80.0 (161.2) 0.0 (37.5) Retired 20 (5.2) 2.0 (3.5) 2.0 (2.6) 0.0 (0.0) 30.0 (18.8) 25.0 (28.9) 0.0 (1.2) 60.0 (112.5) 45.0 (108.0) 0.0 (3.8) Student 26 (6.8) 3.2 (2.4) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (2.8) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (28.1) 0.0 (15.0) 142.5 (168.8) 90.0 (125.6) 0.0 (195.0) Unemployed 42 (11.0) 3.0 (3.0) 2.2 (3.8) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (37.5) 27.5 (43.8) 0.0 (0.0) 90.0 (140.3) 60.0 (134.1) 0.0 (29.1) During pandemic employment status Employed: work at home 103 (27.0) 3.0 (2.0) 3.0 (3.2) 0.0 (1.0) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (36.2) 0.0 (5.0) 120.0 (120.0) 90.0 (164.9) 0.0 (60.0) Employed: work away from home 132 (34.6) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (2.6) 0.0 (1.0) 37.5 (30.0) 30.0 (41.9) 0.0 (20.6) 120.0 (166.2) 84.4 (169.6) 0.0 (80.0) Employed: work at home and away from home 50 (13.1) 3.0 (2.5) 2.0 (2.9) 0.0 (1.4) 32.5 (28.2) 30.0 (22.5) 0.0 (0.2) 108.8 (135.0) 68.8 (150.0) 0.0 (56.2) Retired 18 (4.7) 2.0 (4.5) 2.0 (2.4) 0.0 (0.0) 30.0 (18.8) 25.0 (24.5) 0.0 (0.0) 55.0 (137.5) 45.0 (103.0) 0.0 (0.0) Student 23 (6.0) 3.0 (2.8) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (2.5) 45.0 (30.0) 30.0 (26.2) 0.0 (15.0) 135.0 (172.5) 90.0 (123.8) 0.0 (180.0) Unemployed 56 (14.7) 3.0 (2.0) 2.0 (4.0) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (50.0) 27.5 (38.1) 0.0 (6.2) 90.0 (159.2) 60.0 (132.2) 0.0 (31.9) Marital status Divorced and not remarried 47 (12.3) 3.0 (4.0) 2.0 (4.0) 0.0 (2.0) 30.0 (42.5) 30.0 (56.2) 0.0 (15.0) 105.0 (192.5) 60.0 (170.0) 0.0 (70.0) Married 156 (40.8) 3.0 (2.5) 3.0 (3.1) 0.0 (1.0) 37.5 (30.0) 30.0 (27.0) 0.0 (7.5) 140.0 (138.8) 97.5 (161.2) 0.0 (60.0) Married but separated 11 (2.9) 2.5 (1.5) 2.5 (2.5) 0.0 (0.2) 30.0 (47.5) 30.0 (47.5) 0.0 (18.8) 90.0 (132.5) 90.0 (132.5) 0.0 (37.5) Single (never married) 159 (41.6) 3.0 (2.0) 2.0 (3.5) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (40.0) 30.0 (44.8) 0.0 (13.0) 90.0 (137.5) 60.0 (120.0) 0.0 (60.0) Widowed and not remarried 9 (2.4) 3.0 (4.0) 3.0 (5.0) 0.0 (0.0) 20.0 (20.0) 30.0 (20.0) 0.0 (0.0) 60.0 (150.0) 90.0 (120.0) 0.0 (30.0) Children in household 10 years or younger No 288 (75.4) 3.0 (2.5) 3.0 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 32.5 (40.0) 30.0 (35.0) 0.0 (7.5) 120.0 (161.2) 90.0 (161.0) 0.0 (60.0) Yes 94 (24.6) 3.0 (2.0) 2.0 (3.4) 0.0 (1.0) 37.5 (33.8) 30.0 (43.4) 0.0 (15.0) 97.5 (135.0) 76.9 (147.4) −6.9 (60.0) Children in household 11 years or older No 301 (78.8) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 37.5 (35.0) 30.0 (35.0) 0.0 (10.0) 120.0 (150.0) 90.0 (168.8) 0.0 (60.0) Yes 81 (21.2) 3.0 (2.0) 2.5 (3.0) 0.0 (1.0) 30.0 (40.0) 30.0 (40.0) 0.0 (5.0) 90.0 (157.5) 75.0 (165.0) 0.0 (45.0) Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
No. (%) reporting activity Type of activity Before During Pa Sports 55 (14.4) 27 (7.1) <.001 Group classes (virtual) 24 (6.3) 50 (13.1) <.001 Group classes (on site) 58 (15.2) 9 (2.4) <.001 Weightlifting 113 (29.6) 72 (18.8) <.001 Walking 257 (67.3) 247 (64.7) .229 Running 111 (29.1) 93 (24.3) .010b Biking 57 (14.9) 47 (12.3) .089 Swimming 26 (6.8) 13 (3.4) .006 Weight change >4 lbs, No. (%) Category No. (%) Increased No change Decreased All respondents 382 (100.0) 148 (38.7) 162 (42.4) 72 (18.8) Age, years 18 to 24 46 (12.0) 17 (37.0) 25 (54.3) 4 (8.7) 25 to 34 123 (32.2) 46 (37.4) 50 (40.7) 27 (22.0) 35 to 44 91 (23.8) 36 (39.6) 38 (41.8) 17 (18.7) 45 to 54 65 (17.0) 32 (49.2) 22 (33.8) 11 (16.9) 55 to 64 39 (10.2) 13 (33.3) 17 (43.6) 9 (23.1) 65 to 74 18 (4.7) 4 (22.2) 10 (55.6) 4 (22.2) Sex Male 134 (35.1) 50 (37.3) 62 (46.3) 22 (16.4) Female 248 (64.9) 98 (39.5) 100 (40.3) 50 (20.2) Gender Man 135 (35.3) 50 (37.0) 62 (45.9) 23 (17.0) Woman 247 (64.7) 98 (39.7) 100 (40.5) 49 (19.8) Race Asian 14 (3.7) 5 (35.7) 9 (64.3) 0 (0.0) Black 86 (22.5) 44 (51.2) 26 (30.2) 16 (18.6) None 5 (1.3) 3 (60.0) 2 (40.0) 0 (0.0) Other/multiple 26 (6.8) 12 (46.2) 10 (38.5) 4 (15.4) White 251 (65.7) 84 (33.5) 115 (45.8) 52 (20.7) Ethnicity Hispanic 46 (12.0) 16 (34.8) 19 (41.3) 11 (23.9) Non-Hispanic 336 (88.0) 132 (39.3) 143 (42.6) 61 (18.2) Educational attainment Some high school or less 11 (2.9) 6 (54.5) 4 (36.4) 1 (9.1) High school graduate 42 (11.0) 15 (35.7) 22 (52.4) 5 (11.9) Some college 117 (30.6) 43 (36.8) 51 (43.6) 23 (19.7) College graduate 145 (38.0) 59 (40.7) 59 (40.7) 27 (18.6) Master's degree 42 (11.0) 14 (33.3) 20 (47.6) 8 (19.0) Doctorate/Professional degree 25 (6.5) 11 (44.0) 6 (24.0) 8 (32.0) Before pandemic employment status Unemployed 42 (11.0) 19 (45.2) 12 (28.6) 11 (26.2) Employed: work away from home 217 (56.8) 81 (37.3) 94 (43.3) 42 (19.4) Employed: work at home 41 (10.7) 19 (46.3) 21 (51.2) 1 (2.4) Employed: work at home and away from home 36 (9.4) 12 (33.3) 13 (36.1) 11 (30.6) Retired 20 (5.2) 8 (40.0) 9 (45.0) 3 (15.0) Student 26 (6.8) 9 (34.6) 13 (50.0) 4 (15.4) During pandemic employment status Unemployed 56 (14.7) 27 (48.2) 19 (33.9) 10 (17.9) Employed: work away from home 132 (34.6) 51 (38.6) 53 (40.2) 28 (21.2) Employed: work at home 103 (27.0) 36 (35.0) 51 (49.5) 16 (15.5) Employed: work at home and away from home 50 (13.1) 21 (42.0) 17 (34.0) 12 (24.0) Retired 18 (4.7) 7 (38.9) 9 (50.0) 2 (11.1) Student 23 (6.0) 6 (26.1) 13 (56.5) 4 (17.4) Marital status Single (never married) 159 (41.6) 61 (38.4) 70 (44.0) 28 (17.6) Married 156 (40.8) 62 (39.7) 68 (43.6) 26 (16.7) Married but separated 11 (2.9) 2 (18.2) 6 (54.5) 3 (27.3) Widowed and not remarried 9 (2.4) 1 (11.1) 6 (66.7) 2 (22.2) Divorced and not remarried 47 (12.3) 22 (46.8) 12 (25.5) 13 (27.7) Children in household 10 years or younger Yes 94 (24.6) 42 (44.7) 34 (36.2) 18 (19.1) No 288 (75.4) 106 (36.8) 128 (44.4) 54 (18.8) Children in household 11 years or greater Yes 81 (21.2) 36 (44.4) 30 (37.0) 15 (18.5) No 301 (78.8) 112 (37.2) 132 (43.9) 57 (18.9) - Table 4.
Employment Status Before and During the Pandemic and Change in Total Weekly Exercise
Exercise min/wk, Median (IQR) Employment status during pandemic No. (%) Before During Change Before pandemic: unemployed Employed: work away from home 4 (1.0) 125.6 (81.6) 72.5 (93.8) −53.1 (68.4) Unemployed 36 (9.4) 88.8 (124.7) 60.0 (132.2) 0.0 (16.2) Employed: work at home 2 (0.5) 153.8 (18.8) 105.0 (30.0) −48.8 (48.8) Before pandemic: employed, work away from home Employed: work away from home 123 (32.2) 120.0 (167.5) 90.0 (165.8) 0.0 (80.0) Unemployed 15 (3.9) 120.0 (177.5) 30.0 (120.0) 0.0 (135.0) Employed: work at home 58 (15.2) 112.5 (120.0) 112.5 (142.5) 0.0 (57.5) Employed: work at home and away from home 21 (5.5) 135.0 (127.5) 90.0 (127.5) 0.0 (65.0) Before pandemic: employed, work at home Employed: work away from home 1 (0.3) 90.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) −90.0 (0.0) Unemployed 2 (0.5) 100.5 (79.5) 105.0 (105.0) 4.5 (184.5) Employed: work at home 36 (9.4) 137.5 (138.8) 67.5 (195.0) 0.0 (63.8) Employed: work at home and away from home 2 (0.5) 90.0 (90.0) 7.5 (7.5) −82.5 (82.5) Before pandemic: employed, work both at home and away from home Employed: work away from home 3 (0.8) 120.0 (120.0) 100.0 (112.5) −15.0 (10.0) Unemployed 1 (0.3) 120.0 (0.0) 120.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 5 (1.3) 180.0 (30.0) 120.0 (120.0) 0.0 (240.0) Employed: work at home and away from home 27 (7.1) 100.0 (148.1) 67.5 (172.5) 0.0 (40.0) Before pandemic: retired Employed: work away from home 1 (0.3) 80.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) −80.0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 1 (0.3) 60.0 (0.0) 112.5 (0.0) 52.5 (0.0) Retired 18 (4.7) 55.0 (137.5) 45.0 (103.0) 0.0 (0.0) Before pandemic: student Unemployed 2 (0.5) 187.5 (52.5) 165.0 (135.0) −22.5 (187.5) Employed: work at home 1 (0.3) 240.0 (0.0) 120.0 (0.0) −120.0 (0.0) Student 23 (6.0) 135.0 (172.5) 90.0 (123.8) 0.0 (180.0) Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range.
- Table 5.
Self-Reported Change in Weight Stratified by Before and During Pandemic Employment Status
Weight change more than 4 lbs, No. (%) During pandemic employment status No. (%) Increased No change Decreased Before pandemic: unemployed Employed: work away from home 4 (1.0) 2 (50.0) 1 (25.0) 1 (25.0) Unemployed 36 (9.4) 16 (44.4) 10 (27.8) 10 (27.8) Employed: work at home 2 (0.5) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) Before pandemic: employed, work away from home Employed: work away from home 123 (32.2) 47 (38.2) 51 (41.5) 25 (20.3) Unemployed 15 (3.9) 8 (53.3) 7 (46.7) 0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 58 (15.2) 17 (29.3) 28 (48.3) 13 (22.4) Employed: work at home and away from home 21 (5.5) 9 (42.9) 8 (38.1) 4 (19.0) Before pandemic: employed, work at home Employed: work away from home 1 (0.3) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Unemployed 2 (0.5) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 36 (9.4) 16 (44.4) 19 (52.8) 1 (2.8) Employed: work at home and away from home 2 (0.5) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) Before pandemic: employed, work at home and away from home Employed: work away from home 3 (0.8) 0 (0.0) 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) Unemployed 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 5 (1.3) 1 (20.0) 3 (60.0) 1 (20.0) Employed: work at home and away from home 27 (7.1) 11 (40.7) 8 (29.6) 8 (29.6) Before pandemic: retired Employed: work away from home 1 (0.3) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100.0) Retired 18 (4.7) 7 (38.9) 9 (50.0) 2 (11.1) Before pandemic: student Unemployed 2 (0.5) 2 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Employed: work at home 1 (0.3) 1 (100.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Student 23 (6.0) 6 (26.1) 13 (56.5) 4 (17.4)
