Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Comparison of risk perception and work-related stress: Spring 2020 versus Spring 2021 (n = 1150).
- Figure 2.
Traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction by COVID-19 case intensity (n = 356).
Tables
Variable Category 2020 Distribution (n = 791) 2021 Distribution (n = 359) p-Value Age <30 years 25.16% 31.09% 0.035* 30 to 39 years 37.87% 35.85% 40 to 59 years 26.43% 26.89% 60 + years 10.55% 6.16% Gender Female 78.20% 71.99% 0.022* Race/Ethnicity White 55.63% 64.53% 0.004** Black 20.72% 12.85% Hispanic 3.20% 3.35% Asian 12.53% 9.22% Other 7.93% 10.06% Position Attending 5.44% 15.88% <0.001*** Resident/Fellow 14.29% 14.48% APP 6.19% 11.98% Nurse/Tech/RT 38.18% 38.16% Rehab 9.86% 6.41% Other 26.04% 13.09% Specialty Emergency 7.96% 21.73% <0.001*** Critical Care 10.49% 18.94% Surgery 13.53% 17.83% Medicine 12.90% 15.04% Other 55.12% 26.46% COVID-19 quarantine Yes 12.23% 28.01% <0.001*** COVID-19 vaccine Received N/A 92.98% N/A COVID-19 care intensity No deaths N/A 35.67% N/A 1 to 10 deaths N/A 39.61% >10 deaths N/A 24.72% No Deaths (n = 127) 1-10 Deaths (n = 140) >10 Deaths (n = 88) p-Value Risk Perception Feels job is imposing great risk 42.9% 49.7% 63.6% 0.011* Afraid of falling ill with COVID-19 40.8% 44.3% 33.0% 0.233 Feels little control over contracting COVID-19 19.2% 23.4% 27.3% 0.378 Feels unlikely to survive if contracts COVID-19 4.8% 2.1% 4.6% 0.457 Afraid of passing COVID-19 on to others 69.1% 70.9% 66.7% 0.795 Family/friends are worried about transmission 48.4% 58.2% 55.7% 0.264 People avoid family 26.2% 33.6% 40.2% 0.094 Willing to accept the risks 57.9% 70.2% 76.1% 0.013* Work Stress Feels extra stress at work 72.4% 72.9% 79.6% 0.438 Thinking about resigning 10.3% 14.2% 15.9% 0.451 Would keep practicing if another year ofCOVID-19 57.1% 51.4% 55.7% 0.626 Feels perceived as a hero for work 21.6% 27.0% 32.2% 0.223 ↵* P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.
- Table 3.
Multivariable Linear Regression Exploring the Association between COVID-19 Care Intensity and Traumatic Stress, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction (n = 352)
Traumatic Stress Burnout Compassion Satisfaction AOR (SE) p-value AOR (SE) p-value AOR (SE) p-value COVID-19 care intensity No deaths Reference Reference Reference 1 to 10 deaths 2.70 (1.00) 0.007* 2.72 (0.93) 0.004* −0.93 (0.93) 0.320 >10 deaths 6.68 (1.30) <0.001* 2.56 (1.22) 0.036* 1.13 (1.22) 0.354 Age <30 years Reference Reference Reference 30 to 39 years −1.19 (0.98) 0.222 −1.09 (0.91) 0.234 −0.39 (0.91) 0.668 40 to 59 years −1.44 (1.22) 0.239 −1.88 (1.14) 0.102 1.58 (1.14) 0.168 60 + years −3.74 (1.92) 0.052 −3.08 (1.80) 0.088 3.33 (1.80) 0.065 Sex Female 1.13 (0.94) 0.230 1.08 (0.88) 0.221 −1.59 (0.89) 0.073 Race/Ethnicity White Reference Reference Reference Black 1.23 (1.25) 0.325 0.22 (1.17) 0.851 0.54 (1.17) 0.645 Hispanic 3.54 (2.27) 0.120 0.08 (2.13) 0.970 −1.10 (2.13) 0.605 Asian 1.69 (1.39) 0.224 −1.23 (1.30) 0.346 3.03 (1.30) 0.020* Other 2.51 (1.35) 0.064 1.40 (1.26) 0.270 −3.02 (1.26) 0.017* Position Attending Reference Reference Reference Resident/Fellow 0.41 (1.61) 0.800 0.90 (1.51) 0.554 −1.01 (1.51) 0.503 APP 4.98 (1.59) 0.002* 4.18 (1.49) 0.005* −2.31 (1.49) 0.122 Nurse/Tech/RT 4.30 (1.40) 0.002* 2.52 (1.32) 0.056 −1.06 (1.32) 0.422 Rehab 4.17 (2.07) 0.044* 4.81 (1.94) 0.013* −0.28 (1.94) 0.884 Other 3.31 (1.80) 0.067 3.20 (1.69) 0.058 −2.10 (1.69) 0.214 Specialty Emergency Reference Reference Reference Critical Care −1.31 (1.37) 0.341 −1.97 (1.28) 0.125 −0.70 (1.28) 0.583 Surgery −0.42 (1.33) 0.752 −1.35 (1.25) 0.282 −0.37 (1.25) 0.766 Medicine 1.09 (1.35) 0.422 −0.27 (1.27) 0.830 0.23 (1.27) 0.857 Other −1.73 (1.44) 0.230 −2.42 (1.35) 0.073 0.59 (1.35) 0.660 Quarantined for COVID-19 2.40 (0.92) 0.009* 1.89 (0.86) 0.029* −1.51 (0.86) 0.080 Vaccinated against COVID-19 3.49 (1.61) 0.031* 3.41 (1.51) 0.025* −1.71 (1.51) 0.257 Constant 15.02 (2.42) <0.001* 21.46 (2.27) <0.001* 37.1 (2.27) <0.001* R2 0.2377 0.1394 0.1106 Variance Inflation Factor? 1.70 1.70 1.70 Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; SE, standard error; RT, respiratory therapist.
Category 2020 2021 My job is putting me at great risk. X X I feel extra stress at work. X X I am afraid of falling ill with COVID-19. X X I have little control over whether I get infected or not. X X I am unlikely to survive if I were to get COVID-19. X X I think about resigning because of COVID-19. X X I am afraid I will pass COVID-19 on to others. X X My family and friends are worried they might get infected through me. X X People avoid my family because of my work X X Because I want to help the COVID-19 patients, I am willing to accept the risks involved. X X I feel that I am perceived as a hero for my work. X If COVID-19 were to continue for another year, I believe that I could continue practicing. X ↵* Does not include Professional Quality of Life Scale (PROQOL) questions.
Overall (n = 355) No Deaths (n = 127) 1-10 Deaths (n = 140) >10 Deaths (n = 88) p-Value Age <30 years 31.27% 31.5% 28.57% 35.23% 0.362 30 to 39 years 36.06% 31.5% 36.43% 42.05% 40 to 59 years 26.76% 29.13% 29.29% 19.32% 60 + years 5.92% 7.87% 5.71% 3.41% Gender Female 71.83% 85.04% 62.14% 68.18% <0.001*** Race/ Ethnicity White 65.07% 63.78% 63.57% 69.32% 0.680 Black 12.68% 15.75% 10.71% 11.36% Hispanic 3.1% 1.57% 3.57% 4.55% Asian 9.3% 10.24% 10.71% 5.68% Other 9.86% 8.66% 11.43% 9.09% Position Attending 16.01% 7.09% 23.4% 17.05% <0.001*** Resident/Fellow 14.61% 4.72% 18.44% 22.73% APP 12.08% 11.81% 9.93% 15.91% Nurse/Tech/RT 37.92% 42.52% 33.33% 38.64% Rehab 6.46% 10.24% 4.26% 4.55% Other 12.92% 23.62% 10.64% 1.14% Specialty Emergency 21.91% 11.02% 29.08% 26.14% <0.001*** Critical Care 19.1% 3.94% 12.77% 51.14% Surgery 17.7% 22.05% 21.99% 4.55% Medicine 14.89% 12.6% 17.02% 14.77% Other 26.4% 50.39% 19.15% 3.41% COVID-19 quarantine Quarantined 28.17% 26.19% 25.53% 35.23% 0.235 COVID-19 vaccine Received 93.22% 87.3% 95.04% 98.85% 0.002 Abbreviation: RT, respiratory therapist.
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