Differences in Occupational Burnout Among Primary Care Professionals

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Figure 1.
Boxplot of burnout domain scores collected between 2018 and 2019 by professional role.

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Demographic Characteristics Collected Between 2018 and 2019 of Primary Care Professionals (n = 687)

Characteristics	Primary Care Provider	Resident	Behavioral Health Provider	Nurse	Other Clinical Staff	Nonclinical Staff	All
n	167	56	80	122	108	152	687
Age (years), %
under 25	0.0	0.0	1.3	5.7	10.2	10.5	5.1
25 to 34	30.9	85.7	28.8	23.0	37.0	24.3	28.8
35 to 44	24.2	12.5	36.3	29.5	28.7	23.0	27.0
45 to 54	18.4	1.8	18.8	18.9	13.9	21.1	18.4
55 to 64	20.2	0.0	12.5	18.9	10.2	18.4	17.1
65+	6.3	0.0	2.5	4.1	0.0	2.6	3.7
Gender (female), %	65.5	57.1	81.0	90.9	87.8	91.3	81.0
Race (White), %	81.4	73.2	90.8	67.2	66.7	67.9	74.8
Hispanic/Latino, %	5.5	3.6	5.2	14.1	18.6	26.4	13.6
Education (graduate school), %	92.4	100	97.5	12.9	10.2	7.9	47.0
Years in occupation, mean (standard deviation)	13.0 (12.1)	1.9 (0.9)	7.9 (8.2)	12.4 (12.2)	8.0 (7.92)	7.9 (8.6)	10.4 (10.7)

Table 2.

Comparison Tests of Burnout Rates Collected Between 2018 and 2019 by Professional Role

	Primary Care Provider	Resident	Behavioral Health Provider	Nurse	Other Clinical Staff	Nonclinical Staff	All	P
Total burnout (1 or more domains)	70%	89%	59%	66%	68%	70%	69%	0.014^*
Burnout count								<0.001^{^†}
0 domains	30%	11%	41%	34%	32%	31%	31%
1 domain	38%	26%	34%	28%	39%	43%	36%
2 domains	24%	24%	17%	25%	20%	18%	21%
3 domains	8%	39%	8%	13%	10%	9%	12%

Note: Depersonalization, n = 633; Emotional Exhaustion, n = 685; Personal Accomplishment, n = 634.
↵* Chi-square test was performed comparing groups for dichotomous severity domain scores.
↵† Kruskal–Wallis test was performed comparing groups for continuous domain scores.

Table 3.

Comparison Tests of Burnout Domain Scores Collected Between 2018 and 2019 by Professional Role

	Primary Care Provider	Resident	Behavioral Health Provider	Nurse	Other Clinical Staff	Nonclinical Staff	All	P
Depersonalization								<0.001^*
Median (IQR)	2 (0 to 5)	4.5 (2 to 8)	1 (0 to 2)	1 (0 to 4)	1 (0 to 4)	0 (0 to 2)	1 (0 to 4)
Moderate or severe (≥4)	34%	61%	18%	29%	26%	15%	28%	<0.001^{^†}
Exhaustion								^*0.002^{^†}
Median (IQR)	7 (4 to 10)	9 (6 to 12)	7 (4 to 11)	7 (4 to 12)	7 (3 to 11)	6 (3 to 9)	6 (3 to 9)
Moderate or severe (≥ 7)	56%	70%	51%	52%	52%	44%	52%	0.039^{^†}
Personal Accomplishment								<0.001^*
Median (IQR)	16 (15 to 17)	14 (12 to 16)	16 (15 to 17)	16 (13 to 17)	17 (14 to 18)	15 (11 to 17)	16 (13 to 17)
Moderate or severe (≤ 14)	15%	46%	21%	35%	29%	46%	33%	<0.001^{^†}

Note: Depersonalization, n = 633; Emotional Exhaustion, n = 685; Personal Accomplishment, n = 634.
IQR, interquartile range.
↵* Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed comparing groups for continuous domain scores.
↵† Chi-square tests were performed comparing groups for dichotomous severity domain scores.

Table 4.

Multivariate Regression Analyses of Burnout Domains Scores Collected 2018 to 2019 by Professional Role with Covariates

CI, confidence interval.
Note: Multivariable regression analyses with practice-level clustering and covariates (race, graduate school, age, years working, training status). Depersonalization, n = 633; Emotional Exhaustion, n = 685; Personal Accomplishment, n = 634. B = unstandardized independent regression coefficient when accounting for all the other variables in the model.
BHP, behavioral health provider; PCP, primary care provider.
↵* = P <.05.