Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Self-management Problems Used as Goals in Action Plans.
- Figure 2.
Outline of the Connection to Health Steps. Abbreviation: PWD; person with diabetes.
- Figure 3.
Most Prevalently Selected Self-Management Areas; (n = 725).
Tables
Characteristic N n (%) Mean ± SD Age, years 715 55.6 ±12.0 Sex (% female) 725 433 (59.7) Education 725 Less than high school 297 (41.0) High school or higher 428 (59.0) Race and ethnicity1* 725 Latinx 511 (70.5) Non-Latinx white 64 (8.8) Black or African American 55 (7.6) Asian 43 (5.9) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 12 (1.7) Native American or Alaska Native 4 (0.4) Multi-racial 36 (5.0) Primary language (% Spanish, remaining English) 725 409 (56.4) Health literacy (confidence in filling out medical forms?) * 724 Not at all confident 109 (15.1) A little bit 99 (13.7) Somewhat 135 (18.6) Quite a lot 146 (20.2) Extremely confident 235 (32.5) Depression PHQ-8 score 724 3.23 ± 5.76 Elevated depression symptoms (PHQ-8 ≥ 10) 711 112 (15.8) Health distress* 721 452 (62.7) General life stress* 723 342 (47.3) Social risks (≥ 1) 725 336 (46.3) Food insecurity 723 144 (19.9) Inability to pay bills 723 196 (27.1) Difficulty with transportation to medical appointments 723 100 (13.8) Unstable housing 723 74 (10.2) Physical abuse in the last year 725 24 (3.3) Feel unsafe where living* 725 80 (11.0) SD, standard deviation; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire-8.
↵* These are significantly different in the two intervention arms: Connection to Health (CTH) and Enhanced Engagement-CTH (EE-CTH) at a significance of P < .05).
Elements in the GET-D Points Mean ± SD 1. Is the goal a diabetes-related self-management task? 1.00 1.00 (0.00) 2. Does the goal identify a specific time frame for achieving the goal? 3.00 3.00 (0.00) 3. Is the action plan related to the stated goal? 1.00 0.72 (0.45) 4. Does the plan identify a single specific action? 3.00 2.52 (1.10) 5. Does the plan identify how often the action will take place? 3.00 2.03 (1.40) 6. Does the plan identify a location for the action? 3.00 1.36 (1.49) 7. Does the plan identify the time it will take place? 3.00 1.44 (1.50) 8. Does the plan identify how the action will be monitored? 3.00 2.73 (0.86) SD, standard deviation.
- Table 3.
Associations Between Action Plan Quality and Patient Characteristics. Analyzed Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models With Random Effect for Clinic, Adjusting for Intervention Arm
Characteristic N ß SE 95% CI P Value Age, years 715 −0.006 0.012 −0.029 to 0.016 .597 Sex 725 −0.187 0.308 −0.790 to 0.416 .543 Education (binary) 725 −0.258 0.336 −0.916 to 0.401 .444 Race (compared to Latinx)1 Non-Latinx white 725 −0.127 0.669 −1.437 to 1.184 .850 Black or African American 725 0.191 0.765 −1.308 to 1.689 .803 Asian 725 −0.275 0.577 −1.407 to 0.856 .634 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 725 −1.889 0.993 −3.834 to 0.056 .057 Native American or Alaska Native 725 −0.980 0.936 −2.815 to 0.854 .295 Multi-racial 725 −1.531 0.764 −3.028 to -0.035 .045 Language 725 0.006 0.442 −0.859 to 0.871 .990 Health literacy (Confidence in filling out medical forms? compared to “Not at all confident”) “Extremely confident 724 1.184 0.438 0.326 to 2.041 .007 “Quite confident” 724 1.016 0.429 0.176 to 1.856 .018 “Somewhat confident” 724 1.005 0.467 0.090 to 1.920 .031 “A little bit confident” 724 1.115 0.464 0.205 to 2.025 .016 Depression (PHQ-8 score) 724 −0.029 0.024 −0.077 to 0.018 .225 Health distress (binary) 721 −0.226 0.275 −0.766 to 0.313 .411 General life stress 723 0.208 0.266 −0.313 to 0.613 .434 Social risks (≥ 1) 725 0.416 0.181 0.062 to 0.770 .021 Food insecurity 723 0.424 0.266 0.096 to 0.945 .110 Inability to pay bills 723 0.352 0.212 −0.063 to 0.767 .096 Lack of transportation 723 0.351 0.567 −0.759 to 1.462 .535 Unstable housing 723 0.651 0.385 −0.139 to 1.368 .110 Physical abuse 725 2.302 0.987 0.367 to 5.439 .020 Unsafe at home 725 −0.296 0.638 −1.545 to 0.953 .642 CI, confidence interval; PHQ-8, Patient Health Questionnaire-8.
In this issue
Jump to section
- Article
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods
- Measures
- Action Plan Quality
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Quality of Action Plans in Primary Diabetes Care
- Patient Characteristics Associated with Action Plan Quality
- Action Plan Quality and Patient-Reported Confidence in Carrying Out the Plan
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
- References
- Figures & Data
- References
- Info & Metrics