Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Study sample of eligible visits with risk factors for prediabetes, NAMCS 2012–2015. CVD, cardiovascular disease; HTN, hypertension; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- Figure 2.
Trend of diabetes screening prevalence in the study sample (2012 to 2015).
- Figure 3.
Prevalence of laboratory testing provided or ordered for diabetes screening at the visits (n = 8375).
- Figure 4.
Treatment provided during visits with prediabetes (n = 5406).
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of Visit Sample and Factors Associated with Diabetes Screening (n = 105,721)
Variable Total No. (n = 105,721) Diabetes Screening (n = 8,375), N (weighted %) No Diabetes Screening (n = 97,346), N (weighted %) Adjusted OR of Screening (95% CI) Age (years) 18 to 44 5,845 (6.8) 653 (8.6) 5,192 (6.6) 1.00 45 to 64 52,100 (49.7) 4,302 (53.6) 47,798 (49.2) 1.18 (0.96–1.46) ≥65 47,776 (43.5) 3,420 (37.8) 44,356 (44.2) 0.86 (0.69–1.06) Race White 92,347 (83.8) 7,043 (78.2) 85,304 (84.5) 1.00 Black 9,263 (10.5) 918 (14.9) 8,345 (9.9) 1.28 (1.03–1.58) Other* 4,111 (5.7) 414 (7.0) 3,697 (5.5) 1.44 (1.14–1.82) Sex Female 60,831 (58.5) 4,633 (56.9) 56,198 (58.7) 1.00 Male 44,890 (41.5) 3,742 (43.1) 41,148 (41.3) 0.99 (0.88–1.11) BMI <18.5 42,799 (36.1) 1,451 (13.1) 41,348 (39.1) 1.00 18.5 to 25 16,062 (16.4) 1,536 (19.8) 14,526 (15.9) 2.63 (2.15–3.21) 25 to 30 22,692 (23.6) 2,703 (36.3) 19,989 (21.9) 3.17 (2.63–3.81) ≥30 24,168 (24.0) 2,685 (30.7) 21,483 (23.1) 2.08 (1.72–2.51) Primary payer Private 46,101 (44.3) 4,085 (50.5) 42,016 (43.4) 1.00 Medicare/Medicaid 46,584 (43.4) 3,431 (40.3) 43,153 (43.8) 0.79 (0.69–0.91) Uninsured 4,006 (4.6) 164 (1.9) 3,842 (5.0) 0.52 (0.37–0.73) Other† 9,030 (7.7) 695 (7.4) 8,335 (7.8) 0.87 (0.61–1.25) Smoking 13,764 (12.8) 1,333 (15.7) 12,431 (12.5) 0.98 (0.87–1.10) Comorbidity Hypertension 36,729 (37.1) 4,512 (53.0) 32,217 (35.0) 1.05 (0.92–1.20) CHF 3,365 (3.3) 365 (3.4) 3,000 (3.3) 0.75 (0.58–0.96) CAD 4,996 (5.4) 740 (7.7) 4,256 (5.1) 0.97 (0.79–1.19) PCOS 70 (0.08) 19 (0.2) 51 (0.1) —‡ Abnormal lipids§ 1,323 (1.3) 362 (3.2) 961 (1.1) 1.69 (1.30–2.20) Prediabetes 5,406 (6.0) 1,523 (16.7) 3,883 (4.6) 2.56 (2.19–3.00) Total no. of chronic conditions 0 34,527 (30.5) 1,241 (14.8) 33,286 (32.6) 1.00 1 32,263 (30.2) 2,102 (25.6) 30,161 (30.8) 1.56 (1.33–1.83) 2 20,470 (20.0) 2,362 (26.6) 18,108 (19.0) 2.26 (1.87–2.74) >2 18,461 (19.4) 2,670 (33.0) 15,791 (17.6) 2.97 (2.37–3.72) Physician Specialty Family/Internal medicine 18,378 (29.3) 3,959 (62.8) 14,419 (24.8) 1.00 CVD specialty 3,730 (4.6) 520 (5.0) 3,210 (4.5) 0.38 (0.25–0.58) Other 83,613 (66.0) 3,896 (32.2) 79,717 (70.7) 0.26 (0.22–0.31) Physician Office Metropolitan area 93,411 (91.7) 7,350 (92.3) 86,061 (91.6) 0.83 (0.67–1.03) Region Northeast 15,449 (21.5) 1,518 (27.5) 13,931 (20.7) 1.00 Midwest 28,363 (17.9) 2,207 (16.9) 26,156 (18.0) 0.61 (0.48–0.78) South 37,030 (37.4) 2,972 (36.7) 34,058 (37.5) 0.67 (0.52–0.88) West 24,879 (23.2) 1,678 (18.9) 23,201 (23.8) 0.52 (0.40–0.67) ↵* Other races include Hispanic, Asian, Native American, and multiple races.
↵† Other sources of payments include worker's compensation, other, and unknown.
↵‡ Not a reliable estimate due to a small number (<30) of patients with PCOS in the screening group.
↵§ High density lipoprotein (HDL) <35 mg/dL or triglycerides (TG) >250 mg/dL
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; OR, odds ratio; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome; CHF congestive heart failure; CAD, coronary artery disease.
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