Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Archives
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • Other Publications
    • abfm

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
American Board of Family Medicine
  • Other Publications
    • abfm
American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Advanced Search

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Archives
    • Abstracts In Press
    • Special Issue Archive
    • Subject Collections
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
    • Editors' Blog
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • JABFM on Bluesky
  • JABFM On Facebook
  • JABFM On Twitter
  • JABFM On YouTube
Research ArticleOriginal Research

Novel Exercises for Restless Legs Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Eloise G. Harrison, Jennifer L. Keating and Prue Morgan
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine September 2018, 31 (5) 783-794; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2018.05.180065
Eloise G. Harrison
From the Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
BPhysio(hons)
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jennifer L. Keating
From the Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
PhD, GradDip ManipPT, BAppSc (Physio)
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Prue Morgan
From the Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
PhD, MAppSc (research), BAppSc (Physio), Grad Dip Neuroscience
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Garcia-Borreguero D,
    2. Kohnen R,
    3. Silber MH,
    4. et al
    . The long-term treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease: Evidence-based guidelines and clinical consensus best practice guidance: A report from the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Sleep Med 2013;14:675–84.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  2. 2.↵
    1. Allen RP,
    2. Picchietti D,
    3. Hening WA,
    4. et al
    . Restless legs syndrome: Diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosis and Epidemiology Workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 2003;4:101–19.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. 3.↵
    1. Becker PM,
    2. Novak M
    . Diagnosis, comorbidities, and management of restless legs syndrome. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;30:1441–60.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Högl B,
    2. Kiechl S,
    3. Willeit J,
    4. et al
    . Restless legs syndrome: A community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Neurology 2005;64:1920–4.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Berger K,
    2. Luedemann J,
    3. Trenkwalder C,
    4. et al
    . Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:196–202.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  6. 6.↵
    1. Bliwise DL
    . Periodic leg movements in sleep and restless legs syndrome: Considerations in geriatrics. Sleep Med Clin 2006;1:263–71.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. Scholz H,
    2. Trenkwalder C,
    3. Kohnen R,
    4. et al
    . Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;:CD006009.
  8. 8.↵
    1. Scholz H,
    2. Trenkwalder C,
    3. Kohnen R,
    4. et al
    . Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;:CD005504.
  9. 9.↵
    1. Allen RP,
    2. Earley CJ
    . Augmentation of the restless legs syndrome with carbidopa/levodopa. Sleep 1996;19:205–13.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  10. 10.↵
    1. Aurora RN,
    2. Kristo DA,
    3. Bista SR,
    4. et al
    . The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults—An update for 2012: Practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep 2012;35:1039–62.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  11. 11.↵
    AGREE Collaboration. Development and validation of an international appraisal instrument for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines: The AGREE project. Qual Saf Health Care 2003;12:18–23.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  12. 12.↵
    1. Aukerman MM,
    2. Aukerman D,
    3. Bayard M,
    4. et al
    . Exercise and restless legs syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med 2006;19:487–93.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  13. 13.↵
    1. Altunrende B,
    2. Yildiz S,
    3. Cevik A,
    4. Yildiz N
    . Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in restless legs syndrome: Preliminary results. Neurol Sci 2014;35:1083–8.
    OpenUrl
  14. 14.↵
    1. Burbank F,
    2. Buchfuhrer M,
    3. Kopjar B
    . Sleep improvement for restless legs syndrome patients. Part 1: Pooled analysis of two prospective, double-blind, sham-controlled, multi-center, randomized clinical studies of the effects of vibrating pads on RLS symptoms. J Parkinsonism and Restless Legs Syndrome 2013;3:1–10.
    OpenUrl
  15. 15.↵
    1. Happe S,
    2. Evers S,
    3. Thiedemann C,
    4. et al
    . Whole body and local cryotherapy in restless legs syndrome: A randomized, single-blind, controlled parallel group pilot study. J Neurol Sci 2016;370:7–12.
    OpenUrl
  16. 16.↵
    1. Koo YS,
    2. Kim SM,
    3. Lee C,
    4. et al
    . Transcranial direct current stimulation on primary sensorimotor area has no effect in patients with drug-naïve restless legs syndrome: A proof-of-concept clinical trial. Sleep Med 2015;16:280–7.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Lettieri CJ,
    2. Eliasson AH
    . Pneumatic compression devices are an effective therapy for restless legs syndrome: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial. Chest 2009;135:74–80.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Mitchell UH,
    2. Myrer JW,
    3. Johnson AW,
    4. Hilton SC
    . Restless legs syndrome and near-infrared light: An alternative treatment option. Physiother Theory Pract 2011;27:345–51.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Mitchell UH,
    2. Johnson AW,
    3. Myrer B
    . Comparison of two infrared devices in their effectiveness in reducing symptoms associated with RLS. Physiother Theory Pract 2011;27:352–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    1. Peters T,
    2. MacDonald R
    . Counterstrain manipulation in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: A pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial; the CARL Trial. Int Musculoskelet Med 2012;34:136–40.
    OpenUrl
  21. 21.↵
    1. Pan W,
    2. Wang M,
    3. Li M,
    4. et al
    . Actigraph evaluation of acupuncture for treating restless legs syndrome. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:343201.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Innes KE,
    2. Selfe TK
    . The effects of a gentle yoga program on sleep, mood, and blood pressure in older women with restless legs syndrome (RLS): A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:294058.
  23. 23.↵
    1. Berceli D
    . Neurogenic tremors: A body-oriented treatment for trauma in large populations. Trauma und Gewalt 2010;4:148–56.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.↵
    TRE Australia. Trauma Release Exercises, 2011. Available from: http://treaustralia.com.au. Accessed January 09, 2017.
  25. 25.↵
    TRE for all. Tension and trauma release exercises, 2018. Available from: https://traumaprevention.com. Accessed January 09, 2018.
  26. 26.↵
    1. Berceli D,
    2. Napoli M
    . A proposal for a mindfulness-based trauma prevention program for social work professionals. Complement Health Pract Rev 2006;11:153–65.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Schulz KF,
    2. Altman DG,
    3. Moher D
    . CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:c332.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  28. 28.↵
    1. Walters AS,
    2. LeBrocq C,
    3. Dhar A,
    4. et al
    . Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2003;4:121–32.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  29. 29.↵
    1. Walters AS,
    2. Frauscher B,
    3. Allen R,
    4. et al
    . Review of Severity Rating Scales for restless legs syndrome: Critique and recommendations. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2014;1:317–24.
    OpenUrl
  30. 30.↵
    1. Bech P,
    2. Rasmussen NA,
    3. Olsen LR,
    4. et al
    . The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord 2001;66(2–3):159–64.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. 31.↵
    1. Walters AS,
    2. Frauscher B,
    3. Allen R,
    4. et al
    . Review of Quality of Life Instruments for the restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED): Critique and recommendations. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10:1351–7.
    OpenUrl
  32. 32.↵
    1. Moul DE,
    2. Pilkonis PA,
    3. Miewald JM,
    4. et al
    . Preliminary study of the test-retest reliability and concurrent validities of the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS). Sleep 2002;25:A246–A7.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    1. Sateia MJ,
    2. Buysse DJ
    . Insomnia: Diagnosis and treatment. London: UK: Informa Healthcare; 2010.
  34. 34.↵
    1. Davidson M,
    2. de Morton N
    . A systematic review of the Human Activity Profile. Clin Rehabil 2007;21:151–62.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Kim J,
    2. Shin W
    . How to do random allocation (randomization). Clin Orthop Surg 2014;6:103–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  36. 36.↵
    1. Altman DG
    . Missing outcomes in randomized trials: Addressing the dilemma. Open Med 2009;3:e51–e53.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  37. 37.↵
    1. Vickers AJ,
    2. Altman DG
    . Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. BMJ 2001;323:1123–4.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  38. 38.↵
    1. Ireton-Jones C
    . The low FODMAP diet: Fundamental therapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017;20:414–9.
    OpenUrl
  39. 39.↵
    1. Ondo W,
    2. Roth T,
    3. Grieger F,
    4. et al
    . Minimal clinically important improvement in IRLS total score in patients with restless legs syndrome: A post hoc analysis from a 6-month placebo-controlled US-based study with rotigotine transdermal system (P02.059). Neurology 2013;80(7 Supplement).
  40. 40.↵
    1. McCambridge J,
    2. Witton J,
    3. Elbourne DR
    . Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: New concepts are needed to study research participation effects. J Clin Epidemiol 2014;67:267–77.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  41. 41.↵
    1. Bland JM,
    2. Altman DG
    . Regression towards the mean. BMJ 1994;308:1499.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  42. 42.↵
    1. Davison KP,
    2. Pennebaker JW,
    3. Dickerson SS
    . Who talks? The social psychology of illness support groups. Am Psychol 2000;55:205–17.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  43. 43.↵
    1. Friedberg F,
    2. Leung DW,
    3. Quick J
    . Do support groups help people with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia? A comparison of active and inactive members. J Rheumatol 2005;32:2416–20.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  44. 44.↵
    1. Maher CG,
    2. Sherrington C,
    3. Herbert RD,
    4. et al
    . Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 2003;83:713–21.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  45. 45.↵
    1. Gupta R,
    2. Ahmad S,
    3. Dhar M,
    4. et al
    . Clinical presentation of restless legs syndrome: Does the gender matter? Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014;12:180–6.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 31 (5)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 31, Issue 5
September-October 2018
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Board of Family Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Novel Exercises for Restless Legs Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Board of Family Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Board of Family Medicine web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
3 + 5 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.
Citation Tools
Novel Exercises for Restless Legs Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Eloise G. Harrison, Jennifer L. Keating, Prue Morgan
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2018, 31 (5) 783-794; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2018.05.180065

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Novel Exercises for Restless Legs Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Eloise G. Harrison, Jennifer L. Keating, Prue Morgan
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2018, 31 (5) 783-794; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2018.05.180065
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Notes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Health Care Integration and Coordination with Emphasis on Mental Health, but Not for Medical Marijuana
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Integrating Adverse Childhood Experiences and Social Risks Screening in Adult Primary Care
  • A Pilot Comparison of Clinical Data Collection Methods Using Paper, Electronic Health Record Prompt, and a Smartphone Application
  • Associations Between Modifiable Preconception Care Indicators and Pregnancy Outcomes
Show more Original Research

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Exercise Therapy
  • Lower Extremity
  • Mental Health
  • Quality of Life
  • Restless Legs Syndrome
  • Visual Analog Scale

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues

Authors & Reviewers

  • Info For Authors
  • Info For Reviewers
  • Submit A Manuscript/Review

Other Services

  • Get Email Alerts
  • Classifieds
  • Reprints and Permissions

Other Resources

  • Forms
  • Contact Us
  • ABFM News

© 2025 American Board of Family Medicine

Powered by HighWire