Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Consort flowchart. TRE, trauma release exercises.
- Figure 2.
Baseline to post-intervention plot of International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLS), global restless legs syndrome (RLS), global stress, Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS), and Major Depression Inventory (MDI) scores for trauma release exercises (TRE) and control groups. A, IRLS, scores over time. B, global RLS (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS], 0 to 10) over time. C, global stress (VAS, 0 to 10) scores over time. D, PIRS scores over time. E, MDI scores over time.
Tables
Lead in Exercises Floor Exercises Duration Approximately 30 minutes Approximately 15 minutes Purpose Fatigue and stretch muscle groups in a sequence to assist invoking tremors Cause adductor fatigue and invoke tremors Exercises In standing: Isometric hip abductor exercises: 1 Ankle pronation/supination “Butterfly position”: Supine, feet together, hips held in abduction 2 Calf raises As fatigue or tremor begins, knees are sequentially moved closer together for 2 minute sustained holds while tremor continues 3 A quadriceps exercise Legs parallel with feet flat on the floor 4 Hamstring stretch 5 A psoas exercise 6 Wall squats Home exercise recommendation At least once per week At least twice per week Baseline Data Intervention (n = 9) Control (n = 9) P Value Age (years) Mean 56.2 60.4 .45* SD 9.1 12.5 Duration of RLS (years) Mean 20.1 17.1 .7* SD 18.1 11.9 HAP (MAS) Mean 77.1 78.6 .78* SD 7.0 11.2 HAP (AAS) Mean 72.2 72.3 .99* SD 9.3 15.2 Gender Male .02 n 1 6 % (11%) (67%) Female n 8 3 % (89%) (33%) Family history RLS .26 n 3 1 % (33%) (11%) Parkinson's disease .53 n 2 1 % (22%) (11%) Medications Yes .11 n 4 1 % (44%) (11%) No n 5 8 % (56%) (89%) Other therapies Yes .63 n 4 3 % (44%) (33%) No n 5 6 % (56%) (67%) Comorbidities P1: Sciatica, OA ankle, ‘Cold feet’
P2: Anxiety, Depression, Shoulder injury
P3: OA kneesP10: Depression, Fibromyalgia, Reflux
P11: HT High cholesterol, High iron levels, Joint pain, Enlarged prostate
P12: Asthma, Fibromyalgia, RSI arms/wrists, Arthritis back, neck, foot, Osteopenia, Coeliac diseaseAAS, adjusted activity score; HAP, human activity profile; HT, hypertension; MAS, maximum activity score; OA, osteoarthritis; P1, P2, P3, etc., participant 1, 2, 3, etc.; RLS, restless legs syndrome; RSI, repetitive strain injury; SD, standard deviation.
↵* t tests, other p values derived from χ2 tests.
- Table 3.
Baseline IRLS, Global RLS, Global Stress, PIRS and MDI Scores for the Trauma Release Exercises (TRE) and Control Groups
Outcome TRE (n = 9) Control (n = 7) P Value* Difference Between Means 95% CI Mean SD Mean SD Primary IRLS score (0 to 40) 18.1 7.5 20.9 3.2 .4 2.8 −3.4 to 8.9 Global RLS severity (VAS, 0 to 10) 3.8 1.6 6.4 1.1 .003 2.7 1.0 to 4.3 Secondary Global stress 4.7 2.9 5.1 3.1 .8 0.5 −3.0 to 3.9 (VAS, 0 to 10) PIRS-20 score (0 to 60) 26.2 10.3 21.9 14.1 .5 4.4 −18.3 to 9.6 MDI score (0 to 48) 11.1 6.2 9.6 5.5 .6 1.5 −8.4 to 5.3 IRLS, International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale; MDI, Major Depression Inventory; PIRS-20, Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (20 item); VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; SD, standard deviation.
- Table 4.
Post-Intervention IRLS, Global Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), Global Stress, PIRS, and MDI Scores for the Trauma Release Exercises (TRE) and Control Groups
Outcome TRE (n = 9) Control (n = 7) P Value* Difference Between Means 95% CI Mean SD Mean SD Primary IRLS score (0 to 40) 11.2 8.4 15.9 4.5 .36 4.7 −2.5 to 11.8 Global RLS severity (VAS 0 to 10) 2.7 2.4 3.6 1.6 .56 0.9 −1.5 to 3.3 Secondary Global stress (VAS, 0 to 10) 3 1.8 3.4 3.1 .85 0.4 −2.4 to 3.3 PIRS-20 score (0 to 60) 17.7 12.1 19.9 12.9 .31 2.2 −12.2 to 16.5 MDI score (0 to 48) 5.3 3.7 6.3 6.1 .55 1 −4.7 to 6.6 CI, confidential interval; IRLS, International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale; MDI, Major Depression Inventory; PIRS-20, Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (20 item); SD, standard deviation; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.
↵* P values adjusted using analysis of covariance for the main effect of group when baseline scores were added as covariates to the model.
