The Role of Gender in Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence Among Patients with Diabetes

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).

From School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (SSB, OOI, SK); School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OS); Department of Nursing, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (PD); Analytica Laser, New York, NY (AC); Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. (SH); Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI (YW); Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL (JB); Department of Health Administration, Governor State University, IL (LN); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, TN (WJL); Jack C. Massey College of Business, Belmont University, TN (DW); Fogelman College of Business and Economics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CFC).