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Research ArticleOriginal Research

The Full Scope of Family Physicians’ Work Is Not Reflected by Current Procedural Terminology Codes

Richard A. Young, Sandy Burge, Kaparaboyna Ashok Kumar and Jocelyn Wilson
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2017, 30 (6) 724-732; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2017.06.170155
Richard A. Young
From the Department of Family Medicine, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX (RAY); Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX (SB, KAK); Baylor Family Medicine Residency, Garland, TX (JW).
MD
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Sandy Burge
From the Department of Family Medicine, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX (RAY); Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX (SB, KAK); Baylor Family Medicine Residency, Garland, TX (JW).
PhD
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Kaparaboyna Ashok Kumar
From the Department of Family Medicine, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX (RAY); Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX (SB, KAK); Baylor Family Medicine Residency, Garland, TX (JW).
MD, FRCS
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Jocelyn Wilson
From the Department of Family Medicine, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX (RAY); Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX (SB, KAK); Baylor Family Medicine Residency, Garland, TX (JW).
MD
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  • Article
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Patient and Visit Characteristics

    CharacteristicResults (n = 982)
    Age, mean (SD)46.4 (22.5)
    Male sex, No. (%)380 (38.6)
    Race/Ethnicity, No. (%)
        White/Hispanic532 (54.3)
        White/Non-Hispanic233 (23.7)
        Black165 (16.8)
        Asian37 (3.8)
        Hawaiian/Pacific Islander6 (0.6)
        American Indian7 (0.7)
    Body mass index, mean (SD)31.3 (8.0)
    Blood pressure, mean (SD)
        Systolic126.5 (19.8)
        Diastolic73.6 (11.4)
    History of disease, No. (%)
        Hypertension400 (40.7)
        Obesity306 (31.2)
        Diabetes277 (28.2)
        Hyperlipidemia272 (27.7)
        Depression178 (18.1)
        Arthritis138 (14.1)
        Anxiety109 (11.1)
        Headache93 (9.5)
        Asthma92 (9.5)
        COPD56 (5.7)
        Coronary artery disease50 (5.1)
        Chronic kidney disease49 (5.0)
    PCP relationship, No. (%)
        Patient saw personal physician534 (54.4)
        Established patient, but did not see personal physician333 (33.9)
        Neither the FP nor the practice was the patient’s primary care physician prior to the observed visit52 (5.3)
        Unknown prior practice or FP-patient relationship62 (6.3)
    Practitioner type, No. (%)
        Faculty physician313 (31.9)
        PGY4/fellow18 (1.8)
        PGY3372 (37.9)
        PGY2262 (26.7)
        PGY18 (0.8)
        Electronic medical record visit, No. (%)978 (99.6)
        Number of reasons for visit5.4 (2.8)
        Number of issues addressed by the physician3.7 (2.1)
    • COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FP, family physician; PCP, primary care physician; PGY, post graduate year; SD, Standard Deviation.

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    Table 2.

    Most Common Reasons for Visit

    Reason for VisitVisits (%)RFVs (%)
    Hypertension19.43.6
    Diabetes mellitus14.82.8
    Problem with access to medical care11.82.2
    Findings of blood tests (eg, cholesterol)11.72.2
    Anxiety8.81.6
    Headache8.41.5
    Back pain, ache, soreness, discomfort8.41.5
    Medical counseling, NOS8.41.5
    Cough7.71.4
    Administrative issues, paperwork7.01.3
    Depression6.81.3
    Patient seeks referral to a specialist6.61.2
    Vertigo, dizziness6.31.2
    Diet and nutritional counseling, also exercise and weight-loss counseling6.31.2
    Shortness of breath6.01.1
    General medical exam5.81.1
    Insomnia5.51.0
    For results of blood glucose tests5.41.0
    For results of cholesterol and triglycerides5.41.0
    Heartburn and indigestion (GERD, dyspepsia)5.21.0
    Tiredness, exhaustion5.10.9
    Constipation5.00.9
    For radiological findings5.00.9
    Well baby examination4.80.9
    • GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; NOS, no otherwise specified; RFV, reason for visit.

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    Table 3.

    Most Common Issues Addressed by the Family Physician

    Issues AddressedVisits (%)IAs (%)
    Essential hypertension21.86.0
    Diabetes mellitus21.25.8
    Encounters for administrative purposes15.74.3
    Disorders of lipid metabolism9.12.5
    Anxiety, dissociative, and somatoform disorders6.71.8
    Allergic rhinitis6.61.8
    Osteoarthrosis and allied disorders6.61.8
    Follow-up examination6.41.8
    Depressive disorder6.31.7
    Health supervision of infant or child5.51.5
    Other and unspecified disorders of the back5.11.4
    Symptoms involving respiratory system and other chest symptoms5.11.4
    Problems related to lifestyle5.01.4
    Diseases of esophagus4.91.3
    Acquired hypothyroidism4.61.3
    Other and unspecified disorders of joint4.41.2
    General medical examination (usually well woman)4.11.1
    Obesity3.91.1
    Other symptoms involving abdomen3.61.0
    Nonspecific findings on examination of blood3.61.0
    Normal pregnancy3.61.0
    Other disorders of soft tissues3.30.9
    Other symptoms involving nervous and musculoskeletal systems3.30.9
    Special investigations and exams3.30.9
    Other disorders of urethra and urinary tract3.20.9
    Symptoms concerning nutrition metabolism and development3.20.9
    • IA, issue addressed.

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    Table 4.

    Characteristics of Visits with at Least One Diagnosis or Issue That Was Not Explicitly Reportable

    FactorVisits with Element Not Explicitly Reportable, No. (%)P Value
    FP status
        Patient saw personal physician333 (62.4)
        Established patient, but did not see personal physician204 (61.3).025
        Neither the FP nor the practice was the patient’s primary care physician prior to the observed visit26 (50.0)
        Unknown prior practice or FP-patient relationship28 (45.2)
    Continuity status
        Established patient533 (60.4).83
        New patient59 (59.0)
    Practitioner type, No. (%)
        Faculty physician201 (64.2)
        PGY4/fellow11 (61.1)
        PGY3216 (58.1).53
        PGY2153 (58.4)
        PGY15 (62.5)
    Patient gender, No. (%)
        Male225 (59.4).66
        Female366 (60.8)
    Patient race/ethnic group
        White/Hispanic321 (60.3)
        White/non-Hispanic131 (56.2)
        Black113 (68.5).056
        Asian17 (45.9)
        Hawaiian/Pacific Islander5 (83.3)
        American Indian4 (57.1)
    Age (years)
        <65445 (58.1).005
        ≥65144 (68.9)
    FactorMean if Visit Reportable (SD)Mean if Visit Not Explicitly Reportable (SD)P Value
    Number of visits to that clinic in the previous 12 months3.7 (4.1)4.3 (4.2).051
    Patient age (years)39.3 (24.6)51.0 (19.7)<.001
    Patient body mass index30.4 (6.9)31.7 (8.5).020
    Clinical experience of the physician (years)7.2 (9.0)7.0 (8.4).81
    • FP, family physician; PGY, post graduate year; SD, Standard Deviation.

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    Appendix Table 1.

    Variation in Clinic Site Demographics

    Site 1 N = 76Site 2 N = 110Site 3 N = 94Site 4 N = 21Site 5 N = 101Site 6 N = 100Site 7 N = 194Site 8 N = 100Site 9 N = 86Site 10 N = 99P Value
    Patient Characteristics
    Age (mean)50.749.349.348.554.447.937.732.751.653.7<.001
    % Female57%63%66%76%58%60%63%62%63%55%.70
    Race/Ethnicity
        % Hispanic75.0%10.9%17.0%14.3%60.0%30.0%94.8%68.0%36.0%71.7%
        % Non-Hispanic White18.4%19.1%19.1%33.3%38.0%51.0%4.6%21.0%40.7%19.2%<.001
        % African-American5.3%70.0%45.7%42.9%1.0%13.0%0%9.0%4.7%5.1%
    BMI31.232.931.633.230.732.230.132.230.330.7.24
    Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)127134131127126124118125129127<.001
    Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)77717979717772707472<.001
    Number of clinic visits in last 12 months1.33.74.25.84.14.05.03.3.84.5<.001
    Physician-Patient Visit Results
    # Reasons for Visit4.04.37.23.84.76.04.67.54.66.9<.001
    # Issues Addressed2.93.25.23.33.33.53.24.72.64.6<.001
    # Chronic medications managed and continued2.83.75.12.15.51.23.72.57.24.3<.001
    # New medications prescribed0.60.90.60.81.00.80.60.70.40.7.006
    # Total medications managed3.54.75.93.16.62.24.53.67.65.2<.001
    % Visits with at least One Element Not Reportable to CMS, by Reason
    Too many issues addressed61%60%80%48%55%56%52%68%41%83%<.001
    System barriers addressed1%5%12%10%3%2%9%14%2%7%.001
    Social determinants addressed0%0%7%0%0%1%2%1%1%2%.001
    Cared for another family member in that visit0%3%1%10%0%0%2%3%1%0%.019
    % visits not reportable with CPT 99204/14 or less60.5%60.9%79.8%47.6%55.4%58.0%53.6%70.0%41.9%83.0%<.001
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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 30 (6)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 30, Issue 6
November-December 2017
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The Full Scope of Family Physicians’ Work Is Not Reflected by Current Procedural Terminology Codes
Richard A. Young, Sandy Burge, Kaparaboyna Ashok Kumar, Jocelyn Wilson
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2017, 30 (6) 724-732; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.06.170155

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The Full Scope of Family Physicians’ Work Is Not Reflected by Current Procedural Terminology Codes
Richard A. Young, Sandy Burge, Kaparaboyna Ashok Kumar, Jocelyn Wilson
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2017, 30 (6) 724-732; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.06.170155
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