Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Patient exclusions. *Improperly coded diagnoses included asymptomatic bacteruria, history of urinary tract infection (UTI), abdominal pain, vaginal complaint, pyelonephritis, and upper respiratory infection. **Complicated UTIs included patients with Wilms tumor, hydronephrosis and chronic renal failure, solitary kidney, lymphoma, renal stent, small kidney, and unspecified genetic disorder causing UTIs.
Tables
Characteristic Total Population (N = 783) Cohort 1* (n = 332) Cohort 2† (n = 447) P Average age (mean years ± SD) 32.9 ± 120.1 32.4 ± 11.8 33.2 ± 12.3 .38 Race‡ .53 White 325 67% 61% African American 67 13% 13% Asian/Pacific Islander 42 7% 9% Other 78 14% 16% Socioeconomic status‡ .26 Lower 243 33% 30% Higher 534 67% 70% Active duty soldier 193 29% 22% .02 Characteristic Total Population (N = 783) Cohort 1* (n = 332) Cohort 2† (n = 447) P Clinic seeing patient <.001 Hospital clinic 554 66% 75% Community clinic #1 126 15% 17% Community clinic #2 99 20% 7% Seen by midlevel provider (PA/NP), not physician 542 74% 66% .02 Initial antibiotic used .01 TMP-SMX 411 58% 49% Fluoroquinolone 149 20% 19% Nitrofurantoin 187 19% 28% Other medicine 24 2% 4% No medication prescribed 8 0.3% 1.6% Allergic to TMP-SMX 91 12% 11% .78 Fever at initial visit‡ 1 0% 0.2% 1.0 Nausea or vomiting‡ 62 6% 9% .27 Flank pain or CVA tenderness‡ 115 13% 16% .61 -
↵* No urine culture ordered.
-
↵† Urine culture ordered.
-
↵‡ Some patients (n) were missing data from these variables: fever, n = 32; nausea/vomiting, n = 221; flank pain/CVA tenderness, n = 172. Unpaired t test was used to compare means. χ2 test was used to compare proportions (missing data excluded), and Fisher's exact test was used for fever.
-
PA, physician's assistant; NP, nurse practitioner; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CVA, costovertebral angle.
-
- Table 4.
Bivariate Testing: Patients Who Followed Up Within 2 Weeks for Continued Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms (n = 779)
Characteristic Total Patients (n [%]) Patients Who Followed Up Within 2 Weeks for UTI Symptoms (%) P Average age (mean years ± SD) 32.9 ± 12.1 31.3 ± 11.8 .28 Race* .30 White 325 (64) 10 African American 67 (13) 4 Asian/Pacific Islander 42 (8) 5 Other 78 (15) 11 Socioeconomic status .16 Lower 243 (31) 11 Higher 534 (69) 8 Clinic seeing patient .62 Hospital based clinic 554 (71) 8 Community based clinic #1 126 (16) 9 Community based clinic #2 99 (13) 11 Seen by midlevel provider (PA/NP) not physician 542 (70) 9 .91 Initial antibiotic used .48 TMP-SMX 411 (53) 9 Fluoroquinolone 149 (19) 6 Nitrofurantoin 187 (24) 11 Other medicine 24 (3) 13 No medication prescribed 8 (1) 0 Active duty soldier 193 (25) 11 .11 Allergic to TMP-SMX 91 (12) 10 .64 Fever at initial visit 1 (0.1) 0 1.00 Nausea or vomiting* 62 (11) 15 .08 Flank pain or CVA tenderness* 115 (19) 13 .14 Medication filled at pharmacy 751 (97) 9 .69 Urine culture obtained 447 (57) 9 .89 Urine culture not obtained 332 (43) 8 Urine culture results .70 Urine culture grew specific organism 243 (54) 9 Urine culture grew mixed flora 94 (21) 11 Urine culture had no growth 110 (25) 7 Urine culture resistance to prescribed antibiotic <.001 Organism resistant 21 (10) 52 Organism not resistant 200 (90) 5 -
↵* Some patients were missing data from these variables: race, n = 267; socioeconomic status, n = 2; fever, n = 32; nausea/ vomiting, n = 221; flank pain/CVA tenderness, n = 172. Unpaired t test was used to compare means, and χ2 test was used to compare proportions (missing data excluded).
-
UTI, urinary tract infection; PA, physician's assistant; NP, nurse practitioner; NS, Not significant; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CVA, costovertebral angle.
-
- Table 5.
Multivariate Logistic Regression: Which Factors Are Related to Following Up Within 2 Weeks for Continued Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms?
Characteristic Odds ratio (95% CI) Age (years) 0.99 (0.97–1.02) Socioeconomic status (senior rank) 0.81 (0.43–1.53) Clinic seeing patient NS Initial antibiotic used NS Civilian family member as opposed to active duty soldier 0.70 (0.39–1.26) Seen by midlevel provider (PA/NP) not physician 1.05 (0.59–1.85) Allergic to TMP-SMX 1.30 (0.58–2.94) Medication filled at pharmacy 0.90 (0.20–4.04) Urine culture ordered 1.11 (0.65–1.90) -
PA, physician's assistant; NP, nurse practitioner; NS, not significant; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
-
Organism* Ampicillin Nitrofurantoin TMP/SMX Ciprofloxacin Esherichia coli %R (n = 191) 32 0.5 13 2 %IR 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 Klebsiella %R (n = 10) 60 10 0 0 %IR 30 80 0 0 Staph sp. %R (n = 9) NT 0 0 11 Proteus %R (n = 8) 13 100 13 0 %IR 0 0 0 13 Enterococcus %R (n = 2) 0 0 0 0 Citrobacter %R (n = 2) 100 0 0 0 %IR 0 0 0 0 Enterobacter %R (n = 1) NT IR 0 0 Pseudomonas %R (n = 1) NT NT NT 0 Salmonella %R (n = 1) 0 NT 0 0 Strep (n = 18) NT NT NT NT -
↵* Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, with 191 isolates (79% of all isolates). Streptococcal (Strep) species were the second most common type of pathogen, with 18 isolates (7%). There were 10 Klebsiella isolates (4%), nine staphylococcal (Staph) species isolates (4%), and eight Proteus isolates (3%).
-
TMP-SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; NT, not tested; R, resistance; IR, intermediate resistance.
-
