Observing the Spread of Common Illnesses Through a Community: Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Surveillance

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Figure 1.
Percentage of visits for respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses by week.
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Figure 2.
A: Bayesian smoothed respiratory visit rate by census tract. B: Kringing smoothed surface of Bayesian smoothed respiratory visit rate by census tract.
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Figure 3.
SaTScan results, displayed with Kriging continuous surface, showing weeks for which census tracts had statistically significant results for weekly visits for respiratory illnesses.
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Figure 4.
SaTScan results, displayed with Kriging continuous surface, showing weeks for which census tracts had statistically significant results for weekly visits for gastrointestinal illnesses.

Table 1.

Comparison of All Weekly Visits and Weekly Visits Within the Study Area Census Tract

Weekly Visits by Census Tract	All Census Tracts(n = 2821)				Study Area Census Tracts^*(n = 109)
Weekly Visits by Census Tract	Mean (SD)	Minimum	Median	Maximum	Mean (SD)	Minimum	Median	Maximum
Mean	4.5 (26.7)	0.02	0.02	461.6	113.4 (78.1)	5.0	99.3	461.6
SD	1.4 (6.5)	0.1	0.1	105.0	29.1 (17.3)	2.9	25.4	105.0
Median	4.6 (27.5)	0	0	19.0	116.4 (81.2)	5	100.0	485.0

* This included tracts with a median of ≥10 weekly visits. The study area census tracts did include one census tract that was a small borough with a median of 5 weekly visits, which is less than the target of at least a median of 10 weekly visits.