Smoking As a Vital Sign: Prompts to Ask and Assess Increase Cessation Counseling

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Figure 1.
Proportion of medical records with tobacco status documented. *Differences between periods before and after intervention significant at P < .001. †Differences between periods before and after intervention significant at P < .05.
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Figure 2.
Documented counseling by time period and assessment for plan to quit. *Differences between groups significant at P < .001.

Table 1.

Sample Demographics by Study Period

Characteristics	November 2006 (n = 299)	April 2007 (n = 300)	November 2007 (n = 300)	All(n = 899)
Sex
Female	76.3	74.7	70.0	73.6
Age (years)^*
18–35	26.4	25.3	16.7	22.8
36–64	55.5	56.3	65.3	59.1
65–89	18.1	18.3	18.0	18.1
Race
Black	29.4	34.0	30.3	31.3
White	60.2	54.7	58.3	57.7
Other^†	10.4	11.3	11.3	11.0
Type of insurance
Medicaid	8.0	7.1	8.7	7.9
Medicare	24.4	28.3	26.0	26.2
Private/third party	42.5	36.4	40.7	39.8
None/self-pay	25.1	28.3	24.7	26.0
Type of visit
Preventive/well	12.7	8.3	14.7	11.9
Problem-focused	87.3	91.7	85.3	88.1
Type of clinician^‡
Attending	49.5	53.0	73.0	58.5
Resident	50.5	47.0	27.0	41.5
Presence of chronic illness
No illness	49.2	43.3	40.7	44.4
At least one illness	50.8	56.7	59.3	55.6

All data provided as %.
* Differences between 3 data collection periods significant at P < .05.
† “Other” includes all patients whose race was recorded on EMR as American Indian, Asian, Hispanic, or Other.
‡ Differences between 3 data collection periods significant at P < .001.

Table 2.

Patient Demographics by Smoking Status

Characteristics	Current Smokers (n = 159)	Nonsmokers (n = 556)	Smoking Data Missing (n = 184)
Sex^*
Female	71.1	71.0	83.7
Age (years)^†
18–35	14.5	22.1	32.1
36–64	75.5	55.6	55.4
65–89	10.0	22.3	12.5
Race/ethnicity^*^‡
Black	37.1	29.5	31.5
White	59.7	58.6	53.3
Other	3.2	11.9	15.2
Type of insurance^†
Medicaid	13.2	6.0	9.2
Medicare	26.4	28.0	20.8
Private/third party	20.1	44.8	42.1
None/self-pay	40.3	21.2	27.9
Type of visit^†
Preventive/well	4.4	15.5	7.6
Problem-focused	95.6	84.5	92.4
Type of clinician^†
Attending	47.2	63.3	53.8
Resident	52.8	36.7	46.2
Presence of chronic illness^†
No illness	31.4	44.2	56.0
At least one illness	68.6	55.8	44.0

All data provided as %.
* Differences between groups significant at P < .05.
† Differences between groups significant at P < .001.
‡ “Other” includes all patients whose race was recorded on electronic medical record as American Indian, Asian, Hispanic, or other.