Review ArticleClinical Review

Addressing Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Focus on Dyslipidemia

Emma A. Meagher
The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice November 2004, 17 (6) 424-437; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.17.6.424

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1.
    Figure 1.

    Cardiovascular mortality trends for males and females: United States 1979 to 1996. Arrows represent the introduction of lovastatin in 1987 and the recommendation of HRT as a preventive strategy for women in the early 1990s. [Adapted from American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2003 update [monograph on the Internet]. Dallas (TX): American Heart Association; 2003 [cited 2003 Dec 8]. Available from: http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1040391091015HDS_Stats_03.pdf. Copyright © 2003 American Heart Association. Used with permission.]

  • Figure 2.
    Figure 2.

    Risk of coronary heart disease by triglyceride level in men and women–The Framingham Heart Study. [Adapted from Castelli WP. Epidemiology of triglycerides: a view from Framingham. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:3H–9H. Copyright © 1992 Excerpta Medica. Used with permission.]

  • Figure 3.
    Figure 3.

    Coronary events (nonfatal myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease death) in women in secondary prevention trials with statins. 4S, Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study; CARE, Cholesterol And Recurrent Events; AFCAPS/TexCaps, Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study; LIPID, Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease; WOSCOPS, West Of Scotland COronary Prevention Study; HPS, Heart Protection Study. HPS data are for major vascular events including nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, revascularization, and stroke. [Adapted from LaRosa JC, He J, Vupputuri S. Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1999;282:2340–2346. Copyright © 1999 American Medical Association. Used with permission; additional data from ref. 19.

  • Figure 4.
    Figure 4.

    Sex differences in LDL-C with IR and ER niacin. *, P = .006. ER, extended-release; IR, immediate-release. Data are from ref. 57.

  • Figure 5.
    Figure 5.

    Sex differences in LDL-C response with statin/niacin combination therapy and monotherapy. *, P < .05. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data are from ref. 58.

Tables

  • Table 1.

    Risk Factors for Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome15

    Abdominal obesity (waist circumference)
        Men>102 cm (>40 inches)
        Women>88 cm (>35 inches)
    Triglycerides≥150 mg/dL
    HDL-C
        Men<40 mg/dL
        Women<50 mg/dL
    Blood pressure≥130/≥85 mm Hg
    Fasting glucose≥110 mg/dL

    • HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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