Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Questions asked of subjects.
- Figure 2.
Cumulative hazard readmission. Abbreviation: HL, Hearing Loss.
Tables
Hearing Loss (HL) No HL Mild HL Moderate+ HL n = 289 n = 630 n = 328 P-Value Age, mean (S.D.) 63.61 (S.D. = 6.14) 69.78 (S.D. = 8.37) 77.28 (S.D. = 8.68) P < .001 Age Group 55 to 64 172 (60%) 175 (28%) 28 (9%) P < .001 65 to 74 103 (36%) 266 (42%) 86 (26%) 75 to 84 13 (4%) 153 (24%) 135 (41%) 85+ 1 (0%) 36 (6%) 79 (24%) Gender Female 164 (57%) 277 (44%) 132 (40%) P < .001 Male 125 (43%) 353 (56%) 196 (60%) Race White 241 (83%) 568 (90%) 303 (92%) P = .003 Black 35 (12%) 42 (7%) 16 (5%) Other 8 (3%) 16 (3%) 9 (3%) Missing 5 (2%) 4 (1%) Not Hispanic 273 (94%) 618 (98%) 325 (99%) P = .002 Hispanic 6 (2%) 7 (1%) 2 (1%) Missing 10 (3%) 5 (1%) 1 (0%) Years of Education, mean (S.D.) 14.88 (S.D. = 3.32) 14.45 (S.D. = 2.81) 13.87 (S.D. = 3.04) P < .001 Site UM 209 (72%) 456 (72%) 227 (69%) P = .554 Beaumont 80 (28%) 174 (28%) 101 (31%) Trouble Communicating with Doctor A lot 3 (1%) 12 (2%) 31 (9%) P < .001 A little 98 (34%) 234 (37%) 159 (48%) None 188 (65%) 384 (61%) 138 (42%) Confidence in Filling Medical Forms Not at all 22 (8%) 55 (9%) 67 (20%) P < .001 A little bit 17 (6%) 33 (5%) 27 (8%) Somewhat 33 (11%) 94 (15%) 69 (21%) Quite a bit 67 (23%) 174 (28%) 76 (23%) Extremely 149 (52%) 273 (43%) 88 (27%) Missing 1 (0%) 1 (0%) 1 (0%) General Health Poor 61 (21%) 130 (21%) 66 (20%) P = .118 Fair 79 (27%) 199 (32%) 94 (29%) Good 98 (34%) 202 (32%) 106 (32%) Very good 32 (11%) 74 (12%) 42 (13%) Excellent 15 (5%) 16 (3%) 7 (2%) Missing 4 (1%) 9 (1%) 13 (4%) In last month, days with poor Mental Health, mean (S.D.) 10.07 (S.D. = 11.16) 9.34 (S.D. = 11.16) 9.12 (S.D. = 11.07) P = .554 Within past year food you bought didn't last and didn't have enough money to buy more Never true 256 (89%) 577 (92%) 307 (94%) P = .031 Sometimes true 27 (9%) 41 (7%) 16 (5%) Often true 5 (2%) 11 (2%) 1 (0%) Missing 1 (0%) 1 (0%) 4 (1%) Grouped Charlson Index 0 Conditions 58 (20%) 78 (12%) 23 (7%) P < .001 1 Comorbidity 43 (15%) 79 (13%) 39 (12%) 2+ Comorbidities 188 (65%) 473 (75%) 266 (81%) Deceased within 90 Days 27 (9%) 58 (9%) 30 (9%) P = .996 30 Day Readmission 45 (16%) 100 (16%) 53 (16%) P = .980 90 Day Readmission 80 (28%) 157 (25%) 79 (24%) P = .557 Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
- Table 2.
Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Readmission at 30 and 90 Days, by any Hearing Loss (HL)
30 Day Readmission 90 Day Readmission HR 95% CI p-Value HR 95% CI p-Value Any Evidence of HL (Ref = No) 0.88 [0.60, 1.29] 0.51 0.80 [0.60, 1.07] 0.14 Age 0.99 [0.97, 1.01] 0.24 0.99 [0.98, 1.00] 0.19 Years Education 0.95 [0.90, 1.01] 0.09 0.96 [0.92, 1.00] 0.07 Gender (Ref = Female) Male 0.95 [0.70, 1.28] 0.73 0.87 [0.69, 1.10] 0.24 Charlson Index (Ref = 0) 1.00 1.00 1 Comorbidity 2.25 [0.97, 5.23] 0.06 1.33 [0.70, 2.53] 0.38 2+ Comorbidity 4.00 [1.93, 8.27] 0.00 3.27 [1.98, 5.43] 0.00 Race (Ref = White) Black 0.68 [0.37, 1.27] 0.23 0.78 [0.50, 1.22] 0.28 Other 0.92 [0.34, 2.48] 0.87 0.93 [0.44, 1.97] 0.85 Health Literacy 1.00 [0.89, 1.13] 0.95 0.95 [0.86, 1.04] 0.24 Trouble communicating with Dr. (Ref = Lot of trouble) A little trouble 0.71 [0.35, 1.45] 0.35 1.19 [0.62, 2.29] 0.60 No trouble 0.64 [0.31, 1.31] 0.22 1.06 [0.55, 2.05] 0.87 Health system (Ref = UM) Beaumont 1.12 [0.80, 1.58] 0.51 1.04 [0.79, 1.37] 0.78 Abbreviations: UM, University of Michigan; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
- Table 3.
Cox Proportional Hazards on Readmission at 30 and 90 Days, among Those with HL Who Use an Hearing Loss (HL) Device
30 Day Readmission 90 Day Readmission HR 95% CI p-Value HR 95% CI p-Value Device Use (Ref = None) HL Device 0.77 [0.49, 1.23] 0.28 0.80 [0.56, 1.15] 0.23 Age 0.98 [0.97, 1.00] 0.14 0.98 [0.97, 1.00] 0.05 Years Education 0.94 [0.87, 1.00] 0.06 0.96 [0.91, 1.01] 0.13 Gender (Ref = Female) Male 0.96 [0.68, 1.36] 0.84 0.86 [0.65, 1.13] 0.27 Charlson Index (Ref = 0) 1 Comorbidity 1.80 [0.67, 4.82] 0.24 1.18 [0.53, 2.61] 0.69 2+ Comorbidity 3.48 [1.50, 8.06] 0.00 3.19 [1.71, 5.96] 0.00 Race (Ref = White) Black 0.68 [0.31, 1.48] 0.33 0.72 [0.40, 1.30] 0.28 Other 0.99 [0.31, 3.13] 0.99 1.16 [0.51, 2.61] 0.73 Health Literacy 1.02 [0.89, 1.17] 0.81 0.93 [0.84, 1.04] 0.20 Trouble communicating with Dr. (Ref = Lot of trouble) A little trouble 0.74 [0.35, 1.57] 0.43 1.20 [0.60, 2.40] 0.61 No trouble 0.63 [0.29, 1.35] 0.24 1.03 [0.51, 2.09] 0.93 Health system (Ref = UM) Beaumont 1.31 [0.89, 1.92] 0.17 1.20 [0.88, 1.63] 0.25 Abbreviations: UM, University of Michigan; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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