The Minority Tax: Stories from Family Physicians

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Jagsi R,
   2. Griffith K,
   3. Krenz C,
   4. et al

   . Workplace harassment, cyber incivility, and climate in academic medicine. JAMA 2023;329:1848–58.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Rodriguez JE,
   2. Campbell KM,
   3. Pololi LH

   . Addressing disparities in academic medicine: what of the minority tax? BMC Med Educ 2015;15:6.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Rodriguez JE,
   2. Figueroa E,
   3. Campbell KM,
   4. et al

   . Towards a common lexicon for equity, diversity, and inclusion work in academic medicine. BMC Med Educ 2022;22:703.

   OpenUrlPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Campbell KM

   . The diversity efforts disparity in academic medicine. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18.
5. 5.↵
   Association of American Medical Colleges. 2023 US Physician Workforce Data Dashboard. AAMC. Accessed December 5, 2023. Available at: https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/data/2023-us-physician-workforce-data-dashboard.
6. 6.↵
   US Census Bureau. US Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 6, 2023. Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045222.
7. 7.↵
   US Census Bureau. US Census Bureau QuickFacts: Galveston County, Texas; United States. US Census Bureau. Accessed December 6, 2023. Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/galvestoncountytexas,US/PST045222.
8. 8.↵
   US Census Bureau. Quick Facts Texas. United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 6, 2023. Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/TX.
9. 9.↵
   US Census Bureau. National Population Projections. United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 6, 2023. Available at: https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popproj/2017-summary-tables.html.
10. 10.↵
    1. Slade S,
    2. Sergent S

    . Language Barrier. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
11. 11.↵
    1. Heath M,
    2. Hvass AMF,
    3. Wejse CM

    . Interpreter services and effect on healthcare - a systematic review of the impact of different types of interpreters on patient outcome. J Migr Health 2023;7:100162.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Jacobs B,
    2. Ryan AM,
    3. Henrichs KS,
    4. Weiss BD

    . Medical interpreters in outpatient practice. Ann Fam Med 2018;16:70–6.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Habib T,
    2. Nair A,
    3. Von Pressentin K,
    4. Kaswa R,
    5. Saeed H

    . Do not lose your patient in translation: using interpreters effectively in primary care. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2023;65:e1–e5.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. Barwise AK,
    2. Curtis S,
    3. Diedrich DA,
    4. Pickering BW

    . Using artificial intelligence to promote equitable care for inpatients with language barriers and complex medical needs: clinical stakeholder perspectives. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024;31:611–21.

    OpenUrlPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Williams MS,
    2. Myers AK,
    3. Finuf KD,
    4. et al

    . Black physicians' experiences with anti-black racism in healthcare systems explored through an attraction-selection-attrition lens. J Bus Psychol 2023;38:75–88.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Ajayi AA,
    2. Rodriguez F,
    3. de Jesus Perez V

    . Prioritizing equity and diversity in academic medicine faculty recruitment and retention. JAMA Health Forum 2021;2:e212426.

    OpenUrlPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Amaechi O,
    2. Foster KE,
    3. Tumin D,
    4. Campbell KM

    . Addressing the gate blocking of minority faculty. J Natl Med Assoc . 2021;113:517–21.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    Brandeis University. National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C-Change. Accessed March 22, 2024. Available at: https://www.brandeis.edu/cchange/surveys/faculty.html.
19. 19.↵
    1. Rukadikar C,
    2. Mali S,
    3. Bajpai R,
    4. Rukadikar A,
    5. Singh AK

    . A review on cultural competency in medical education. J Fam Med Prim Care 2022;11:4319–29.

    OpenUrl
20. 20.↵
    1. Pololi LH,
    2. Evans AT,
    3. Civian JT,
    4. Shea S,
    5. Brennan RT

    . Assessing the culture of residency using the C - Change Resident Survey: validity evidence in 34 U.S. residency programs. J Gen Intern Med 2017;32:783–9.

    OpenUrlPubMed