Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Mean exhaustion by hours of caregiving and perception of workplace support, for staff and clinicians (2021).
- Figure 2.
Change in exhaustion (February 2020–May 2021) by hours of caregiving, for clinicians and staff.
Tables
Overall Man Woman P-value± Clinicians (n = 156) Number 156 44 112 Years in health system, % (No.) 0.63 Less than a year 10.3% (16) 11.4% (5) 9.8% (11) 1 to 2 years 24.4% (38) 25.0% (11) 24.1% (27) 3 to 5 years 27.6% (43) 20.5% (9) 30.4% (34) 6 to 10 years 10.9% (17) 9.1% (4) 11.6% (13) 11 years or more 26.9% (42) 34.1% (15) 24.1% (27) Hours of caregiving, % (No.) 0.25 0 hours 39.4% (61) 50.0% (22) 35.1% (39) 1 to 5 hours 20.7% (32) 20.5% (9) 20.7% (23) 6 to 10 hours 7.7% (12) 6.8% (3) 8.1% (9) 11 to 20 hours 7.1% (11) 9.1% (4) 6.3% (7) More than 20 hours 25.2% (39) 13.6% (6) 29.7% (33) Rating of workplace support for caregiving outside of work (1 to 10 scale), mean (SD) 6.63 (2.40) 7.20 (2.42) 6.42 (2.37) 0.08 Emotional exhaustion (0 to 6 scale), mean (SD) 3.32 (1.71) 2.74 (1.63) 3.54 (1.69) 0.009 Change in emotional exhaustion (2020 to 2021)b, mean (SD) 0.42 (1.52) 0.19 (1.38) 0.51 (1.57) 0.32 Staff (n = 130) Number 130 20 110 Years in health system, % (no.) 0.35 Less than a year 3.3% (5) 10.0% (2) 2.8% (3) 1 to 2 years 20.5% (31) 30.0% (6) 21.1% (23) 3 to 5 years 28.5% (43) 20.0% (4) 28.4% (31) 6 to 10 years 28.5% (43) 30.0% (6) 26.6% (29) 11 years or more 19.2% (29) 10.0% (2) 21.1% (23) Hours of caregiving, % (no.) 0.11 0 hours 30.0% (39) 30.0% (6) 30.0% (33) 1 to 5 hours 20.0% (26) 30.0% (6) 18.2% (20) 6 to 10 hours 13.1% (17) 5.0% (1) 14.6% (16) 11 to 20 hours 8.5% (11) 20.0% (4) 6.4% (7) More than 20 hours 28.5% (37) 15.0% (3) 30.9% (34) Rating of workplace support for caregiving outside of work (1 to 10 scale), mean (SD) 7.18 (2.65) 7.55 (2.21) 7.11 (2.72) 0.50 Emotional exhaustion (0 to 6 scale), mean (SD) 2.98 (1.78) 2.90 (1.74) 3.00 (1.80) 0.84 Change in emotional exhaustion (2020 to 2021)‡ mean (SD) 0.19 (1.66) −0.13 (0.83) 0.24 (1.75) 0.43 *Includes only individuals who marked “male” or female. No respondents selected other gender categories such as Transgender male, Transgender female, Genderqueer/non-binary, Other. Analyses excluded people who marked “prefer not to answer” (n = 24) or who left gender blank (n = 26).
±Pearson χ2 or independent samples t test were used to examine differences by gender.
‡Change in exhaustion was calculated as the exhaustion score in 2021 minus the exhaustion score in 2020. A total of 111 clinicians (31 male and 80 female) and 108 staff (15 male and 93 female) responded to the survey both years.
Abbreviation: SD, Standard deviation.
- Table 2.
Multivariate Models of Gender, Caregiving Hours, and Work Support as Predictors of Emotional Exhaustion Scores among Clinicians and Staff in 2021*
β 95% CI P-value Clinicians (n = 150) Female gender (reference: male) 0.64 0.20–1.07 0.007 Caregiving hours (ref: 10 or fewer hours/wk) 1.05 0.21–1.89 0.018 Felt supported by workplace (per 1 unit) −0.18 −0.33, −0.04 0.018 Interaction (Hours x perceived support) −0.03 −0.06–0.004 0.076 Intercept 4.50 2.8–6.12 <0.001 Staff (n = 128) Female gender (reference: male) −0.07 −1.52–1.38 0.92 Caregiving hours (ref: 10 or fewer hours/wk) −0.11 −0.61–0.38 0.63 Felt supported by workplace (per 1 unit) −0.26 −0.41, −0.12 0.002 Intercept 4.80 3.00–6.60 <0.001 *Models controlled for years working at the clinic and clustered by site. F(5, 12) = 11.40, P < .001; R2 = 0.22). Staff model (Step 1: F[2, 12] = 0.01, P = .99; R2 < 0.001; Step 2: F[5, 12] = 4.85, P = .01; R2 = 0.15).
Abbreviation: CI, Class interval.
- Table 3.
Multivariate Models of Gender, Caregiving Hours, and Work Support as Predictors of Change in Emotional Exhaustion Scores among Clinicians and Staff (2020–2021)
β 95% CI P-value Clinicians (n = 106) Female (reference: male) 0.23 −0.13–0.59 0.20 Caregiving hours (ref: 10 or fewer hours/wk) 0.76 0.27−1.26 0.006 Felt supported by workplace (per 1 unit) −0.14 −0.29−0.00 0.050 Intercept 2.85 0.51–5.20 0.021 Staff (n = 106) Female (reference: male) 0.24 −0.62, −0.32 0.617 Caregiving hours (ref: 10 or fewer hours/wk) −0.06 −0.48–0.36 0.753 Felt supported by workplace (per 1 unit) −0.17 −0.26, −0.07 0.002 Intercept 2.82 1.27–4.36 0.002 *Models controlled for years working at the clinic and baseline values of emotional exhaustion, as well as clustering by site. Clinician model: F(5,11) = 120.92, P < .001; R2 = 0.348. Staff model: F (5,12) = 11.66, P < .001. R2 = 0.313.
Abbreviation: CI, Class interval.
