Article Figures & Data
Tables
% SE Dependent Variables/Outcome Measures Ever screened for adverse childhood experiences by health professional No 92.8 0.20 Yes 7.20 0.20 How important is it for health care provider to ask patients about adverse childhood experiences Somewhat important/Not at all important 49.54 0.41 Very important 50.46 0.41 How satisfied with providers or clinic's efforts to address impacts of ACEs Not at all satisfied/Somewhat satisfied 71.08 0.37 Very satisfied 28.92 0.37 Independent Variables Number of ACEs 0 32.64 0.34 1 to 3 46.11 0.39 4 or more 21.25 0.38 Race and Ethnicity Non-Hispanic White 40.51 0.02 Hispanic/Latinx 37.01 0.02 Black or African American 5.56 0.03 American Indian or Alaska Native 4.70 0.03 Asian 13.81 0.03 Other race or two or more races 2.64 0.03 Gender Man 49.03 0.03 Woman 50.97 0.03 Age 18 to 40 38.58 0.02 41 to 64 40.39 0.03 65 and over 21.03 0.03 Sexual orientation Heterosexual 89.35 0.29 Gay, lesbian or homosexual 40.90 0.18 Bisexual 5.16 0.21 Don't know or other 1.40 0.12 Gender identity Cisgender 98.78 0.12 Transgender or gender non-conforming 1.22 0.12 Marital status Married 50.08 0.39 Living as married 9.33 0.26 Widowed, separated or divorced 14.37 0.24 Never married 26.22 0.3 Citizenship status US-born citizen 68.11 3.1 Naturalized citizen 18.79 3.4 Non-citizen 13.10 3.1 Household income Under 100% of federal poverty level 13.36 0.38 100% and above the federal poverty level 86.64 0.38 Educational attainment Less than high school 14.68 0.08 High school 21.91 0.08 Some college 21.01 0.28 College degree or above 42.40 0.29 Current insurance Medicaid or other public coverage 18.96 0.42 Employer sponsored coverage 46.84 0.41 Uninsured 7.65 3.1 Medicare alone or in combination 21.13 0.15 Privately purchased insurance 5.42 0.2 Visited doctor in past 12 months No 76.57 0.38 Yes 23.43 0.38 Health status Good, very good or excellent 83.62 0.34 Fair or poor 16.38 0.34 Psychological distress in past year No 83.02 0.35 Yes 16.98 0.35 Abbreviations: ACEs, adverse childhood experiences; SE, standard error.
- Table 2.
Odds of Ever Being Screened for Adverse Childhood Experiences by a Health Professional (n = 24,441)
AOR 95%CI Variable Number of ACEs 0 Reference Reference 1 to 3 1.95 (1.57, 2.42) 4 or more 4.22 (3.17, 5.61) Race and Ethnicity Non-Hispanic White Reference Reference Hispanic/Latinx 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) Black or African American 0.80 (0.58, 1.09) American Indian or Alaska Native 2.08 (0.71, 6.05) Asian 0.49 (0.28, 0.56) Other race or multiracial 1.53 (1.14, 2.06) Gender Man Reference Reference Woman 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) Age 18 to 39 Reference Reference 40 to 64 0.84 (0.70, 1.01) 65 and over 0.32 (0.19, 0.53) Sexual orientation Heterosexual Reference Reference Gay, lesbian or homosexual 1.05 (0.78, 1.42) Bisexual 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) Don't know or other 0.75 (0.25, 2.30) Gender identity Cisgender Reference Reference Transgender or gender non-conforming 0.86 (0.50, 1.45) Marital status Married Reference Reference Living as married 1.17 (0.90, 1.51) Widowed, separated or divorced 1.25 (1.00, 1.56) Never married 1.08 (0.87, 1.35) Citizenship status US-born citizen Reference Reference Naturalized citizen 0.89 (0.69, 1.13) Non-citizen 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) Household income Under 100% of federal poverty level Reference Reference 100% and above the federal poverty level 0.68 (0.52, 0.89) Educational attainment Less than high school Reference Reference High school 1.22 (0.79, 1.89) Some college 1.29 (0.86, 1.92) College degree or above 1.29 (0.86, 1.93) Current insurance Medicaid or other public coverage Reference Reference Employer sponsored coverage 0.72 (0.58. 0.90) Uninsured 0.38 (0.25, 0.57) Medicare alone or in combination 1.20 (0.75, 1.94) Privately purchased insurance 0.64 (0.41, 1.00) Visited doctor in past 12 months No Reference Reference Yes 1.35 (1.08, 1.68) Health status Good, very good or excellent Reference Reference Fair or poor 1.19 (1.08, 1.68) Psychological distress in past year No Reference Reference Yes 1.24 (1.00, 1.53) Abbreviations: ACEs, adverse childhood experiences; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Significant associations in bold.
- Table 3.
Odds of Believing It is Very Important for Providers to Ask about Adverse Childhood Experiences (n = 24,441)
AOR 95%CI Variable Ever screened for ACEs by a health professional No Yes 3.25 (2.78, 3.81) Number of ACEs 0 Reference Reference 1 to 3 1.02 (0.94, 1.10) 4 or more 1.27 (1.16, 1.41) Race and Ethnicity Non-Hispanic White Reference Reference Hispanic/Latinx 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) Black or African American 1.21 (1.00, 1.48) American Indian or Alaska Native 1.35 (0.70, 2.62) Asian 0.82 (0.74, 0.92) Other race or two or more races 1.02 (0.85, 1.24) Gender Man Reference Reference Woman 1.35 (1.23, 1.48) Age 18 to 39 Reference Reference 40 to 64 0.73 (0.67, 0.81) 65 and over 0.70 (0.53, 0.92) Sexual orientation Heterosexual Reference Reference Gay, lesbian or homosexual 1.19 (0.97, 1.47) Bisexual 1.30 (1.10, 1.53) Don't know or other 1.98 (1.42, 2.77) Gender identity Cisgender Reference Reference Transgender or gender non-conforming 1.04 (0.67, 1.61) Marital status Married Reference Reference Living as married 1.17 (1.02, 1.34) Widowed, separated or divorced 1.12 (1.01, 1.23) Never married 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) Citizenship status US-born citizen Reference Reference Naturalized citizen 1.19 (1.06, 1.35) Non-citizen 1.35 (1.17, 1.57) Household income Under 100% of federal poverty level Reference Reference 100% and above the federal poverty level 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) Educational attainment Less than high school Reference Reference High school 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) Some college 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) College degree or above 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) Current insurance Medicaid or other public coverage Reference Reference Employer sponsored coverage 1.10 (0.96. 1.25) Uninsured 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) Medicare alone or in combination 1.02 (0.79, 1.30) Privately purchased insurance 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) Visited doctor in past 12 months No Reference Reference Yes 1.17 (1.06, 1.28) Health status Good, very good or excellent Reference Reference Fair or poor 0.96 (0.84, 1.08) Psychological distress in past year No Reference Reference Yes 1.26 (1.11, 1.42) Abbreviations: ACEs, adverse childhood experiences; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Significant associations in bold.
- Table 4.
Odds of Being Very Satisfied with Provider or Clinic's Efforts to Address Impact Adverse Childhood Experiences (n = 24,441)
AOR 95%CI Variable Ever screened for ACEs by a health professional No Yes 2.50 (2.15, 2.90) Number of ACEs 0 Reference Reference 1 to 3 0.70 (0.64, 0.78) 4 or more 0.51 (0.45, 0.59) Race and Ethnicity Non-Hispanic White Reference Reference Hispanic/Latinx 0.79 (0.71, 0.88) Black or African American 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) American Indian or Alaska Native 0.50 (0.28, 0.91) Asian or Asian American 0.49 (0.44, 0.57) Other race or two or more races 0.77 (0.61, 0.98) Gender Man Reference Reference Woman 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) Age 18 to 39 Reference Reference 40 to 64 1.14 (1.02, 1.28) 65 and over 1.07 (0.81, 1.43) Sexual orientation Heterosexual Reference Reference Gay, lesbian or homosexual 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) Bisexual 0.86 (0.69, 1.06) Don't know or other 0.69 (0.41, 1.15) Gender identity Cisgender Reference Reference Transgender or gender non-conforming 0.67 (0.39, 1.14) Marital status Married Reference Reference Living as married 0.77 (0.65, 0.91) Widowed, separated or divorced 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) Never married 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) Citizenship status US-born citizen Reference Reference Naturalized citizen 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) Non-citizen 1.08 (0.93, 1.26) Household income Under 100% of federal poverty level Reference Reference 100% and above the federal poverty level 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) Educational attainment Less than high school Reference Reference High school 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) Some college 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) College degree or above 0.78 (0.66, 0.91) Current insurance Medicaid or other public coverage Reference Reference Employer sponsored coverage 0.88 (0.77. 1.01) Uninsured 0.88 (0.72, 1.08) Medicare alone or in combination 1.19 (0.92, 1.55) Privately purchased insurance 0.78 (0.62, 1.00) Visited doctor in past 12 months No Reference Reference Yes 1.06 (0.95, 1.19) Health status Good, very good or excellent Reference Reference Fair or poor 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) Psychological distress in past year No Reference Reference Yes 0.62 (0.54, 0.71) Abbreviations: ACEs, adverse childhood experiences; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Significant associations in bold.
