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Brief ReportBrief Report

Evaluating the Uptake of Antiracism Training, Policies, and Practices in Departments of Family Medicine

Mechelle Sanders, Peter F. Cronholm, Jennifer Edgoose, Kevin Fiscella, Cleveland Piggott, Susan H. McDaniel, Ebony Parker-Featherstone and Colleen T. Fogarty
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine July 2022, 35 (4) 803-808; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210471
Mechelle Sanders
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
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Peter F. Cronholm
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
MD, MSCE
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Jennifer Edgoose
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
MD, MPH
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Kevin Fiscella
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
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Cleveland Piggott
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
MD, MPH
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Susan H. McDaniel
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
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Ebony Parker-Featherstone
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
MD
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Colleen T. Fogarty
From Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (MS, KF, CTF), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (PFC), Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (JE), Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (CP), Department of Family Medicine, Director of Institute for the Family and Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (SHM), Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EP).
MD, MSc
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    Figure 1.

    Total percentages of those that agreed (somewhat agreed, agreed, or strongly agreed) the respective attributes of innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability) were important for antiracism training. We grouped the results by those that reported they did implemented antiracist policies and or practices vs. those that did not.

  • Figure 2.
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    Figure 2.

    χ2 analyses showing that relative advantage, compatibility and observability were positively associated with making changes as result of the antiracism training.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    Department and Program Chair Characteristics

    DEPARTMENT CHAIR (Respondents)Freq%
    Years in role (Mean, SD)6, 6n/a
    Gender
        Female3433
        Male6966
        Other00
        Not reported/Unknown11
    Ethnicity
        Hispanic/Latino33
        Non-Hispanic/Latino9995
        Not reported/Unknown22
    Race
        American Indian/Alaskan Native11
        Asian88
        Black99
        Native Hawaiian00
        White8178
        Not reported/Unknown55
    Age
        20 to 2900
        30 to 3933
        40 to 4999
        50 to 594341
        60 to 694442
        70+55
    PROGRAM
    Residency type
        Medical school based33
        Community based8582
        Military11
        Don't have a residency program00
        Other1514
    Rural (size of the community 75K or less)1615
    Number of full-time faculty in your department (Mean, SD)39, 43n/a
    % of faculty URiM
        066
        1 to 103736
        11 to 202625
        21 to 301111
        31 to 4066
        41 to 5022
        >5088
        Not reported/Unknown88
    • Note: All percentages do not total 100% due to rounding.

    • Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; URiM, underrepresented minorities in medicine.

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    Table 2.

    Results of the Logistic Regression Model: Odds of Implementing Antiracist Policies or Practices

    Odds Ratio95% Confidence Interval
    Relative advantage1.941.272.99
    Compatibility1.741.112.75
    Complexity0.850.611.20
    Trialability1.110.701.77
    Observability1.881.153.07
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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 35 (4)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 35, Issue 4
July/August 2022
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Evaluating the Uptake of Antiracism Training, Policies, and Practices in Departments of Family Medicine
Mechelle Sanders, Peter F. Cronholm, Jennifer Edgoose, Kevin Fiscella, Cleveland Piggott, Susan H. McDaniel, Ebony Parker-Featherstone, Colleen T. Fogarty
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2022, 35 (4) 803-808; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210471

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Evaluating the Uptake of Antiracism Training, Policies, and Practices in Departments of Family Medicine
Mechelle Sanders, Peter F. Cronholm, Jennifer Edgoose, Kevin Fiscella, Cleveland Piggott, Susan H. McDaniel, Ebony Parker-Featherstone, Colleen T. Fogarty
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2022, 35 (4) 803-808; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210471
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Keywords

  • Chi-Square Test
  • Diffusion of Innovation
  • Family Medicine
  • Health Equity
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