Increasing Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care: Removing the Training Requirement May Not Be Enough

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Bernell S,
   2. Howard SW

   . Use your words carefully: what is a chronic disease? Front Public Health 2016;4:159.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.↵
   1. Saitz R,
   2. Larson MJ,
   3. Labelle C,
   4. Richardson J,
   5. Samet JH

   . The case for chronic disease management for addiction. J Addict Med 2008;2:55–65.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Wakeman SE,
   2. Larochelle MR,
   3. Ameli O,
   4. et al

   . Comparative effectiveness of different treatment pathways for opioid use disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e1920622.

   OpenUrl
4. 4.↵
   1. Mancher M,
   2. Leshner AI

   , (Editors). Medications for opioid use disorder save lives. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2019.
5. 5.↵
   Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Become a buprenorphine waivered practitioner. US Department of Health & Human Services; May 4, 2021. Available from: https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/become-buprenorphine-waivered-practitioner. Accessed May 5, 2021.
6. 6.↵
   American Academy of Family Physicians. Chronic pain management and opioid misuse: a public health concern (position paper). 2016.
7. 7.↵
   1. DeFlavio JR,
   2. Rolin SA,
   3. Nordstrom BR,
   4. Kazal LA Jr.

   . Analysis of barriers to adoption of buprenorphine maintenance therapy by family physicians. Rural Remote Health 2015;15:3019.

   OpenUrl
8. 8.↵
   1. Hutchinson E,
   2. Catlin M,
   3. Andrilla CH,
   4. Baldwin LM,
   5. Rosenblatt RA

   . Barriers to primary care physicians prescribing buprenorphine. Ann Fam Med 2014;12:128–33.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Loomis L,
   2. Hayes A,
   3. Russell HA

   . Overcoming barriers to treatment of opioid use disorder in primary care. Family Doctor 2020;8:31–4.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.↵
    1. Kunins HV,
    2. Sohler NL,
    3. Giovanniello A,
    4. Thompson D,
    5. Cunningham CO

    . A buprenorphine education and training program for primary care residents: implementation and evaluation. Subst Abus 2013;34:242–7.

    OpenUrl
11. 11.↵
    US Department of Health and Humans Services. HHS expands access to treatment for opioid use disorder; January 14, 2021. Available from: https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/01/14/hhs-expands-access-to-treatment-for-opioid-use-disorder.html. Accessed May 5, 2021.
12. 12.↵
    1. Diamond D,
    2. Bernstein L

    . Biden moving to nix Trump plan on opioid-treatment prescriptions. Washington Post; January 25, 2021. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/01/25/biden-buprenorphine-waiver/. Accessed May 5, 2021.
13. 13.↵
    Office of the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services. Practice guidelines for the administration of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder; April 28, 2021. Available from: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/04/28/2021-08961/practice-guidelines-for-the-administration-of-buprenorphine-for-treating-opioid-use-disorder. Accessed May 5, 2021.
14. 14.↵
    1. Fiscella K,
    2. Wakeman SE,
    3. Beletsky L

    . Buprenorphine deregulation and mainstreaming treatment for opioid use disorder: x the X waiver. JAMA Psychiatry 2019;76:229–30.

    OpenUrl
15. 15.↵
    1. Michie S,
    2. Atkins L,
    3. West R

    . The behaviour change wheel: a guide to designing interventions. Sutton, Surrey: Silverback Publishing; 2014.
16. 16.↵
    1. Beetham T,
    2. Saloner B,
    3. Gaye M,
    4. Wakeman SE,
    5. Frank RG,
    6. Barnett ML

    . Therapies offered at residential addiction treatment programs in the United States. JAMA 2020;324:804–6.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.↵
    1. McGinty EE,
    2. Stone EM,
    3. Kennedy-Hendricks A,
    4. Bachhuber MA,
    5. Barry CL

    . Medication for opioid use disorder: a national survey of primary care physicians. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:160–2.

    OpenUrl
18. 18.↵
    1. Aletraris L,
    2. Edmond MB,
    3. Paino M,
    4. Fields D,
    5. Roman PM

    . Counselor training and attitudes toward pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorder. Subst Abus 2016;37:47–53.

    OpenUrl
19. 19.↵
    1. James JR,
    2. Marolf M,
    3. Klein JW,
    4. Blalock KL,
    5. Merrill JO,
    6. Tsui JI

    . Staff attitudes toward buprenorphine before and after implementation of an office-based opioid treatment program in an urban teaching clinic. Subst Use Misuse 2021;56:1569–75.

    OpenUrl
20. 20.↵
    1. Pytell JD,
    2. Buresh ME,
    3. Graddy R

    . Outcomes of a novel office-based opioid treatment program in an internal medicine resident continuity practice. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2019;14:46.

    OpenUrl