Multilevel Small Area Estimation of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening Test in the United States by Age Group: 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

References

1. 1.↵
   US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:185–91.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Moyer VA

   . US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:120–34.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Fenton JJ,
   2. Weyrich MS,
   3. Durbin S,
   4. Liu Y,
   5. Bang H,
   6. Melnikow J

   . Prostate-specific antigen-based screening for prostate cancer. evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2018;319:1914–31.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Prostate Cancer. US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 2018;319:1901–13.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Howlader N,
   2. Noone AM,
   3. Krapcho M,
   4. et al

   . SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2016. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2016/. Accessed December 15, 2020.
6. 6.↵
   1. Tsodikov A,
   2. Gulati R,
   3. de Carvalho TM,
   4. et al

   . Is prostate cancer different in black men? Answers from 3 national history models. Cancer 2017;123:2312–9.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. 7.↵
   1. Rao K,
   2. Liang S,
   3. Cardamone M,
   4. et al

   . Cost implications of PSA screening differ by age. BMC Urol 2018;18:38.

   OpenUrl
8. 8.↵
   1. Berkowitz Z,
   2. Li J,
   3. Richards TB,
   4. Marcus PM

   . Patterns of prostate-specific antigen test in the U.S., 2005-2015. Am J Prev Med 2017;53:909–13.

   OpenUrl
9. 9.↵
   1. Hall IJ,
   2. Tangka FKL,
   3. Sabatino SA,
   4. Thompson BS,
   5. Graubard BI,
   6. Breen N

   . Patterns and trends in cancer screening in the United States. Prev Chronic Dis 2018;15:e97.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.↵
    1. Negoita S,
    2. Feuer EJ,
    3. Mariotto A,
    4. et al

    . Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part ii: recent changes in prostate cancer trends and disease characteristics. Cancer 2018;124:2801–14.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. DeRouen MC,
    2. Schupp CW,
    3. Koo J,
    4. et al

    . Impact of an individual and neighborhood factors on disparities in prostate cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol 2018;53:1–11.

    OpenUrl
12. 12.↵
    1. Vetterlein MW,
    2. Dalela D,
    3. Sammon JD,
    4. et al

    . State-by-state variations in prostate-specific antigen screening trends following the 2011 United States Preventive Services Task Force panel update. Urology 2018;112:56–65.

    OpenUrl
13. 13.↵
    1. Jindal T,
    2. Kachroo N,
    3. Sammon J,
    4. et al

    . Racial differences in prostate-specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening: State-by-state and region-by-region analyses. Urol Oncol 2017;35:460.e9-460–e20.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. Berkowitz Z,
    2. Zhang X,
    3. Richards TB,
    4. et al

    . Multilevel regression for small-area estimation of mammography use in the United States, 2014. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019;28:32–40.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Berkowitz Z,
    2. Zhang X,
    3. Richards TB,
    4. Nadel M,
    5. Peipins LA,
    6. Holt J

    . Multilevel small-area estimation of colorectal cancer screening in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27:245–53.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: 2014 Summary Data Quality Report. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/annual_2018.html. Accessed December 15, 2020.
17. 17.↵
    1. Li J,
    2. Ding H,
    3. Richards TB,
    4. Martin I,
    5. Kobrin S,
    6. Marcus PM

    . Prostate-specific antigen screening initiation and shared decision-making: findings from the 2000 and 2015 National Health Interview Surveys. J Am Board Fam Med 2018;31:658–62.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Li J,
    2. Berkowitz Z,
    3. Richards TB,
    4. Richardson LC

    . Shared decision making in prostate-specific antigen screening with men older than 70. J Am Board Fam Med 2013;26:401–8.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    American Community Survey. American Community Survey 2014-2018, 5-year Estimates. Available from: https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2014-2018-poverty-rate-by-county.html. Accessed December 15, 2020.
20. 20.↵
    1. Zhang X,
    2. Holt JB,
    3. Lu H,
    4. et al

    . Multilevel regression and post-stratification for small-area estimation population health outcomes: A case study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Am J Epidemiol 2014;179:1025–33.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Zhang X,
    2. Holt JB,
    3. Yun S,
    4. Lu H,
    5. Greenlund KJ,
    6. Croft JB

    . Validation of multilevel regression and poststratification methodology for small area estimation of health indicators from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Am J Epidemiol 2015;182:127–37.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Wang Y,
    2. Holt JB,
    3. Zhang X,
    4. et al

    . Comparison of methods for estimating prevalence of chronic diseases and health behaviors for small geographic areas: Boston validation study. Prev Chronic Dis 2013;14:
23. 23.↵
    1. Ryan L

    . Spatial epidemiology: some pitfalls and opportunities. Epidemiology 2009;20:242–4.

    OpenUrlPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Condon P

    . Mixture of spatial and unstructured effects for spatially discontinuous health outcomes. Comput Stat Data An 2007;51:–3197-212.
25. 25.↵
    United States Census Bureau. Population Division. County Population by Characteristics: 2010-2019. Nation, States and Counties Population. Annual Estimates of The Resident Population by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2010-July 1, 2018. Available from: https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-counties-detail.html. Accessed December 15, 2020.
26. 26.↵
    1. Fedewa SA,
    2. Ward EM,
    3. Brawley O,
    4. Jemal A

    . Recent patterns of prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer screening in the United States. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:1040–2.

    OpenUrl
27. 27.↵
    1. Jemal A,
    2. Fedewa SA,
    3. Ma J,
    4. et al

    . Prostate cancer incidence and PSA screening patterns in relation to USPSTF screening recommendations. JAMA 2015;314:2054–61.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid. Prostate Cancer Screening. Available from: www.medicare.gov/coverage/prostate-cancer-screenings.html. Published 2020. Accessed: December 2, 2020.
29. 29.↵
    1. Smith RA,
    2. Andrews KS,
    3. Brooks D,
    4. et al

    . Cancer screening in the United States, 2018: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:297–316. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21446.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
30. 30.↵
    1. Carter HB,
    2. Albertsen PC,
    3. Barry MJ,
    4. et al

    . Early detection of prostate cancer (2018): American Urological Association (AUA) guideline. Available from: https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline. Accessed December 10, 2020.
31. 31.↵
    1. Brawley OW

    . Trends in prostate cancer in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2012;2012:152–6.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    Population Reference Bureau. Appalachia's Aging Population. Available from: https://www.prb.org/appalachias-aging-population-more-residents-ages-65-fewer-ages-25-to-64-signals-challenges-ahead/. Accessed December 15, 2020.
33. 33.↵
    1. Naylor KB,
    2. Tootoo J,
    3. Yakusheva O,
    4. Shipman SA,
    5. Bynum JPW,
    6. Davis MA

    . Geographic variation in spatial accessibility of U.S. healthcare providers. PLoS One 2019;14:e0215016. Available from: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215016.

    OpenUrl
34. 34.↵
    1. Choi SK,
    2. Seel JS,
    3. Steck SE,
    4. et al

    . Talking about your prostate: perspectives from providers and community members. J Canc Educ 2018;33:1052–60.

    OpenUrl
35. 35.↵
    1. Rosenberg M,
    2. Crawford D,
    3. Newmark J,
    4. Steiner M

    . Use of PSA screening guidelines among primary care physicians (sec mp39-01). J Urol 2016;195:e541.

    OpenUrl
36. 36.↵
    1. Henley SJ,
    2. Ward EM,
    3. Scott S,
    4. et al

    . Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part I: national cancer statistics. Cancer 2020;126:2225–49.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
37. 37.↵
    1. Jemal A,
    2. Culp MB,
    3. Ma J,
    4. Islami F,
    5. Fedewa SA

    . Prostate cancer incidence 5 years after US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against screening. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020. Preprint.
38. 38.↵
    American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Prostate Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html. Accessed December 15, 2020.
39. 39.↵
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. United States Cancer Statistics: Data Visualizations. Available from: https://gis.cdc.gov/Cancer/USCS/DataViz.html. Accessed December 15, 2020.
40. 40.↵
    1. Pollack CE,
    2. Noronha G,
    3. Green GE,
    4. Bhavsar NA,
    5. Carter HB

    . Primary care providers' response to the US Preventive Services Task Force draft recommendations on screening for prostate cancer. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:668–70.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. 41.↵
    1. Squiers LB,
    2. Bann CM,
    3. Dolina SE,
    4. Tzeng J,
    5. McCormack L,
    6. Kamerow D

    . Prostate-specific antigen screening: men's responses to 2012 recommendation against screening. Am J Prev Med 2013;45:182–9.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
42. 42.↵
    1. DeWitt-Foy ME,
    2. Gam K,
    3. Modlin C,
    4. et al

    . Race, decisional regret and prostate cancer beliefs: identifying targets to reduce racial disparities in prostate cancer. J Urol 2021;205:426–33.

    OpenUrl
43. 43.↵
    The Social Security Administration. Actuarial life tables. Available from: https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html. Accessed December 15, 2020.
44. 44.↵
    1. Hidiroglou MA,
    2. You Y

    . Comparison of unit level and area level small area estimators. Surv Methodol 2016;42:41–61.

    OpenUrl
45. 45.↵
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Talk to Nathan. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prostate/talk-to-nathan/. Accessed December 15, 2020.