Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics, Mental Health Diagnoses, Opioid Daily Dose, and Benzodiazepine Prescriptions Among Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy in 2018 and 2019
2018 2019 P N 387 231 Age, mean (SD) 60.60 (12.59) 59.75 (11.57) .404 Male gender, n (%) 140 (36.2) 72 (31.2) .238 Race, n (%) .053 Black or African American 154 (39.8) 73 (31.6) White or Caucasian 229 (59.2) 152 (65.8) Other 4 (1.0) 6 (2.6) Ethnicity, n (%) .245 Hispanic or Latino 2 (0.5) 4 (1.7) Not Hispanic or Latino 384 (99.2) 227 (98.3) Patient refused 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) Any psychiatric diagnosis, n (%) 193 (49.9) 213 (92.2) < .001 Depression, n (%) 101 (26.1) 154 (66.7) < .001 Anxiety, n (%) 109 (28.2) 140 (60.6) < .001 Bipolar, n (%) 21 (5.4) 20 (8.7) .163 Adjustment, n (%) 43 (11.1) 70 (30.3) < .001 PTSD, n (%) 6 (1.6) 12 (5.2) .018 Other, n (%) 24 (6.2) 39 (16.9) < .001 MME daily dose .03 ≥ 90 MME, n (%) 31 (8.0) 30 (13.0) 50 to 89.9 MME, n (%) 40 (10.3) 33 (14.3) < 50 MME, n (%) 316 (81.7) 168 (72.7) Benzodiazepine Rx n (%) 121 (31.3) 77 (33.3) .657 MME, morphine milligram equivalent; SD, standard deviation; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Table 2.
Transition of Patients between Benzodiazepine Prescription Categories from 2018 to 2019, Classified by MME Daily Dose Category
2019 Category 2018 Category < 50 MME without Benzodiazepine ≥ 50 MME without Benzodiazepine < 50 MME with Benzodiazepine ≥ 50 MME with Benzodiazepine No Visits Not on Chronic Opioids < 50 MME without benzodiazepine (n = 226) 40 13 19 7 2 145 ≥ 50 MME without Benzodiazepine (n = 40) 14 5 3 4 0 14 < 50 MME with Benzodiazepine (n = 90) 31 5 8 4 0 42 ≥ 50 MME with Benzodiazepine (n = 31) 13 5 5 3 1 4 Total (n = 387) 98 28 35 18 3 205 MME, morphine milligram equivalent.
- Table 3.
Transition of Patients between Mental Health Diagnosis Categories from 2018 to 2019, Classified by MME Daily Dose Category
2019 Category 2018 Category < 50 MME without Psych Dx ≥ 50 MME without Psych Dx < 50 MME with Psych Dx ≥ 50 MME with Psych Dx No Visits Not on Chronic Opioids < 50 MME without psych diagnosis (n = 165) 14 3 26 3 2 117 ≥ 50 MME without psych diagnosis (n = 29) 4 1 5 4 0 15 < 50 MME with psych dx (n = 151) 15 6 43 17 0 70 ≥ 50 MME with psych diagnosis (n = 42) 4 7 22 5 1 3 Total (n = 387) 37 17 96 29 3 205 MME, morphine milligram equivalent.
- Table 4.
Odds of Remaining in the Same or Higher MME per Day Dose Category Based on Patient Characteristics
Odds Ratio 95% CI White versus nonwhite 1.62 1.00 to 2.61 Psychiatric diagnosis versus none 2.73 1.71 to 4.37 Benzodiazepine prescription versus none 1.17 0.70 to 1.95 Gender male versus female 0.67 0.42 to 1.09 50 to 89.9 MME per day versus < 50 MME per day 2.18 1.05 to 4.50 ≥ 90 MME per day versus < 50 MME per day 2.75 1.52 to 6.59 MME, morphine milligram equivalent; CI, confidence interval.
