Article Figures & Data
Tables
Variable/Level All ParentsNo. (%) Pre-ACANo. (%) Post-ACANo. (%) P Value Underinsured (n = 5043) No 4219 (83.7) 3297 (83.1) 922 (85.6) .051 Yes 824 (16.3) 669 (16.9) 155 (14.4) Parent (n = 5043) Mother 4325 (85.8) 3454 (87.1) 871 (80.9) < .001 Father 718 (14.2) 512 (12.9) 206 (19.1) Parent education (n = 5025) ≤ AA/some college 3309 (65.9) 2661 (67.4) 648 (60.3) < .001 ≥ College grad 1716 (34.1) 1289 (32.6) 427 (39.7) Household income (n = 4957) < $50,000 2572 (51.9) 2095 (53.6) 477 (45.5) < .001 ≥ $50,000 2385 (48.1) 1814 (46.4) 571 (54.5) Parent race (n = 4990) Black/other 835 (16.7) 649 (16.6) 186 (17.3) .573 White 4155 (83.3) 3266 (83.4) 889 (82.7) Parent marital status (n = 5030) Married 3518 (69.9) 2750 (69.5) 768 (71.4) .226 Unmarried 1512 (30.1) 1205 (30.5) 307 (28.6) Child overall health (n = 5027) Fair/poor 171 (3.4) 128 (3.2) 43 (4.0) .169 Good 733 (14.6) 571 (14.5) 162 (15.1) Very good 1976 (39.3) 1535 (38.9) 441 (41.0) Excellent 2147 (42.7) 1717 (43.5) 430 (40.0) Child age category (n = 5017) 0.0 to 5.9 years 2487 (49.6) 2004 (50.9) 483 (44.8) .001 6.0 to 12.9 years 1767 (35.2) 1364 (34.6) 403 (37.4) 13.0 to 17.9 years 763 (15.2) 572 (14.5) 191 (17.7) Child gender (n = 5005) Female 2370 (47.4) 1879 (47.8) 491 (45.7) .214 Male 2635 (52.6) 2051 (52.2) 584 (54.3) Child insurance (n = 5019) Private 2950 (58.8) 2307 (58.4) 643 (60.0) .345 Public 2069 (41.2) 1641 (41.6) 428 (40.0) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) P Value Parent age (years) (n = 4982) 34.5 (8.1) 34.2 (8.1) 35.6 (8.1) < .001 AA, Associate of Arts; ACA, Affordable Care Act; SD, standard deviation.
Variable/Level Unadjusted OR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted* OR (95% CI) P Value Time period Pre-ACA 1.18 (0.98–1.43) .086 1.10 (0.90–1.34) .340 Post-ACA Reference Reference Parent Mother 2.04 (1.56–2.70) < .001 1.93 (1.46–2.55) < .001 Father Reference Reference Parent education ≤ AA/some college 1.69 (1.42–2.00) < .001 1.30 (1.06–1.60) .011 ≥ College grad Reference Reference Household income < $50,000 1.98 (1.69–2.32) < .001 2.71 (2.15–3.40) < .001 ≥ $50,000 Reference Reference Parent race Black/other 1.33 (1.09–1.61) .004 1.19 (0.97–1.47) .095 White Reference Reference Parent marital status Married 0.84 (0.71–0.98) .032 1.19 (0.99–1.44) .071 Unmarried Reference Reference Child overall health Fair/poor 4.17 (2.96–5.88) < .001 3.71 (2.61–5.29) < .001 Good 2.21 (1.78–2.75) < .001 1.97 (1.58–2.47) < .001 Very good 1.35 (1.13–1.62) .001 1.28 (1.07–1.54) .008 Excellent Reference Reference Child age category 0.0 to 5.9 years 0.86 (0.69–1.08) .207 0.82 (0.62–1.09) .174 6.0 to 12.9 years 1.16 (0.92–1.46) .206 1.13 (0.88–1.45) .337 13.0 to 17.9 years Reference Reference Child insurance Private 0.95 (0.81–1.11) .522 2.19 (1.78–2.69) <.001 Public Reference Reference Parent age (years) 1.00 (0.99–1.01) .114 1.00 (0.98–1.01) .598 ↵* Odds ratios are adjusted for all other variables in the model; n = 4802. For child age category, the unadjusted odds ratio for 6.0 to 12.9 years compared with 0.0 to 5.9 years was 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14–1.59; P = .001, and the adjusted odds ratio was 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13–1.68; P = .001.
AA, Associate of Arts; ACA, Affordable Care Act; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Study Outcome Measures All ParentsNo. (%) Pre-ACANo. (%) Post-ACANo. (%) P Value During the past 12 months, you/your child were unable to: See a specialist to whom referred 225 (4.5) 180 (4.6) 45 (4.2) .597 Have a recommended test done 171 (3.4) 138 (3.5) 33 (3.1) .502 Fill a recommended prescription 394 (7.9) 319 (8.1) 75 (7.0) .237 Obtain other medical care needed 194 (3.9) 160 (4.1) 34 (3.2) .181 Make/keep appointment with regular doctor 263 (5.2) 230 (5.8) 33 (3.1) < .001 Compared with 3 years ago, obtaining child’s medical care is: Harder 776 (17.3) 607 (17.5) 169 (16.8) .658 The same 3428 (76.6) 2661 (76.6) 767 (76.5) Easier 274 (6.1) 207 (6.0) 67 (6.7) < .001 During the past 12 months, child’s health has suffered because of not being able to afford the cost of any needed care 290 (5.8) 239 (6.1) 51 (4.7) .101 ACA, Affordable Care Act.
