The Built Environment for Professionalism

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Figure 1.
Family Medicine role definitions. Adapted from Phillips RL Jr, Brundgardt S, Lesko SE, et al. The future role of the family physician in the United States: a rigorous exercise in definition. Ann Fam Med 2014;12:250–5.

Table 1.

Enabling Professionalism via a Built Environment

Enabler	Work To Be Done	Examples
Experimentation	Systems engineering testing Behavioral economics testing	Sinsky et al,²⁴ Chokshi et al,³³ Robertson et al,³⁴ Volpp et al³⁵
Implementation partnerships	Development and implementation of teams and environments that guide people to best behaviors and choices	Kangovi et al,³⁶ Sinsky,²⁷ Smith et al¹⁷
Policy	Clinical and payment policies that enable change	Sinsky,²⁷ Basu et al,³⁷ Peikes et al,³⁸ Smith et al,¹⁷ Phillips et al,¹⁸
Facilitation	Facilitation that enable change	Phillips et al,^28,39 Cohen et al,⁴⁰ Kaufman et al,⁴¹ Ono et al,⁴² Adler et al⁴³