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Research ArticleOriginal Research

A Sustainable Model for Preventive Services in Rural Counties: The Healthier Together Study

Zsolt Nagykaldi, Dewey Scheid, Yan D. Zhao, Bhawani Mishra and Tracy Greever-Rice
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine September 2020, 33 (5) 698-706; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2020.05.190357
Zsolt Nagykaldi
From the College of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN, DS); College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (YDZ); Institute of Public Policy, Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (BM); School of Medicine, Center for Health Policy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (TGR).
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Dewey Scheid
From the College of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN, DS); College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (YDZ); Institute of Public Policy, Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (BM); School of Medicine, Center for Health Policy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (TGR).
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Yan D. Zhao
From the College of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN, DS); College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (YDZ); Institute of Public Policy, Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (BM); School of Medicine, Center for Health Policy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (TGR).
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Bhawani Mishra
From the College of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN, DS); College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (YDZ); Institute of Public Policy, Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (BM); School of Medicine, Center for Health Policy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (TGR).
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Tracy Greever-Rice
From the College of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN, DS); College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (YDZ); Institute of Public Policy, Harry S. Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (BM); School of Medicine, Center for Health Policy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (TGR).
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Article Figures & Data

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    Figure 1.

    Healthier Together county partnership structure.

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    Table 1.

    Demographics of the Healthier Together Study Population in Three Rural Oklahoma Counties between 2014 and 2018

    Demographic VariablesStudy Statistics (n = 71,989)
    Age, years
    Mean (SD)45.7 (23.5)
    Median46
    Range1 to 99
    Gender (female), %57.0
    Race/ethnicityApproximately 70% white*
    Medicare beneficiariesApproximately 29% of patients seen (10 to 40%)
    • ↵* Race/ethnicity composition was estimated from local population statistics due to insufficient or inaccurate data in electronic medical records.

    • SD, standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Geographic Locations and County Statistics of the Healthier Together Study Population in Three Rural Oklahoma Counties between 2014 and 2018

    County LocationsTotal County PopulationNo. Clinics/No. CliniciansNo. Clinician Participants
    Central Oklahoma15,0008/1411
    Northeast Oklahoma County 151,6008/3023
    Northeast Oklahoma County 220,0004/1510
    Totals86,60020/5944
    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Most Frequently Accepted Care Recommendations and Acceptance Rates at the Time of Wellness Coordinator Outreach in Three Rural Counties between 2014 and 2018

    Service Recommendations Patients Accepted to Receive (n = 11,607)Percentage of All Accepted
    Colon cancer screening16.03
    Adult dT-Tdap immunization11.14
    Influenza immunization10.01
    Mammography9.91
    Well-child visit6.55
    Zoster immunization6.46
    PAP smear5.99
    PCV13-Pneumo immunization5.52
    DEXA scan4.79
    Seatbelt use4.63
    Sun exposure advice2.42
    Smoking status documentation1.79
    Type 2 diabetes screening1.74
    HbA1c measurement1.62
    ACEI in diabetes1.53
    Lipid panel1.27
    MMR immunization1.1
    Hearing testing1.05
    Smoking counseling1.03
    VZV immunization0.89
    • ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MMR, measles, mumps, rubella; PAP, Papanicolaou test; PCV13, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13-valent; VZV, varicella zoster virus.

    • View popup
    Table 4.

    Overall Improvements in the Delivery of Preventive Services in Three Rural Counties, between 2015 and 2018

    Preventive Services Delivered (n = 14,043)Improvement in Delivery* (%)
    Hypertension controlled43.0
    Diabetes checkup33.4
    HbA1c measurement33.0
    Smoking cessation counseling32.0
    Physical activity counseling23.0
    Well-child visit (EPSDT)19.0
    Mammography14.6
    Colonoscopy11.0
    BMI measurement10.8
    DEXA scan7.8
    HbA1c value documentation7.8
    Pneumococcal vaccination7.0
    • BMI, body-mass index; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; EPSDT, Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

    • ↵* Rates of preventive services that were received by patients after their annual contact with the wellness coordinators were computed across the three counties and over the project period. Improvement in the delivery of selected services was calculated by comparing a pre-implementation baseline year to rates at the end of the first implementation year for each primary care practice.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 33 (5)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 33, Issue 5
September/October 2020
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A Sustainable Model for Preventive Services in Rural Counties: The Healthier Together Study
Zsolt Nagykaldi, Dewey Scheid, Yan D. Zhao, Bhawani Mishra, Tracy Greever-Rice
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2020, 33 (5) 698-706; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.05.190357

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A Sustainable Model for Preventive Services in Rural Counties: The Healthier Together Study
Zsolt Nagykaldi, Dewey Scheid, Yan D. Zhao, Bhawani Mishra, Tracy Greever-Rice
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2020, 33 (5) 698-706; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.05.190357
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Keywords

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