Article Figures & Data
Tables
Recommendation by Prepregnancy BMI Total Weight Gain (Kg) Total Weight Gain (lbs) 2nd and 3rd Trimester (lbs/week) 2nd and 3rd Trimester (lbs/month) Underweight: <18.5 13 to 18 28 to 40 1 to 1.3 4 to 6 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 11 to 16 25 to 35 0.8 to 1.0 4 Overweight: 25 to 29.9 7 to 11 15 to 25 0.5 to 0.7 2 Obese: ≥30 5 to 9 11 to 20 0.4 to 0.5 1.5 to 2 BMI, body mass index.
Variable Preintervention (n = 795) Postintervention (n = 776) P Value Maternal age (years) 27.5 (5.6) 28.0 (5.6) .92† Race <.01‡ Asian 6.3 (50) 6.1 (47) African American 19.3 (153) 19.2 (148) Hispanic 26.2 (208) 40.3 (311) Native American 0.9 (7) 1.4 (11) Caucasian 47.4 (377) 32.9 (254) Pre-BMI .06‡ <18.5 (Underweight) 4.8 (38) 3.2 (25) 18.5 to 24.9 (Normal) 40.0 (318) 36.6 (283) 25.0 to 29.9 (Overweight) 28.2 (224) 27.7 (214) >30.0 (Obese) 27.0 (215) 32.5 (252) Insurance .86‡ Commercial 29.3 (230) 28.5 (221) Medicaid 69.3 (544) 69.9 (542) Self-pay 1.4 (11) 1.7 (13) Parity .74‡ 0 35.4 (281) 34.7 (270) >1 64.6 (514) 65.3 (506) Variable Pre-Intervention (n = 795) Post-Intervention (n = 776) p-Value IOM counseling <0.01‡ No 89.9 (715) 37.2 (289) Yes 10.1 (80) 62.8 (487) Total weight gain (lb) 28.3 (13.9) 25.9 (13.7) .61† IOM weight gain (lb) .10‡ Low 22.01 (175) 25.77 (200) Recommended 31.57 (251) 32.73 (254) High 46.42 (369) 41.49 (322) Gestational age (weeks) .13‡ <37 4.7 (37) 2.8 (22) >37 and <41 85.7 (681) 86.2 (667) >41 9.7 (77) 11.0 (85) Birthweight (g) .68‡ <2500 2.6 (21) 2.2 (17) 2500 to 4000 89.3 (709) 90.6 (703) >4000 8.1 (64) 7.2 (56) Route of delivery .39‡ Spontaneous vaginal 76.9 (611) 77.8 (601) Assisted vaginal 4.8 (38) 4.1 (32) Primary cesarean 11.8 (94) 10.0 (77) Repeat cesarean 6.5 (52) 8.1 (63) Hypertension .61‡ No 92.2 (733) 91.5 (710) Yes 7.8 (62) 8.5 (66) Gestational diabetes <.01‡ No 88.5 (530) 92.7 (719) Yes 11.5 (69)§ 7.3 (57)‖ Shoulder dystocia .01‡ No 94.4 (607) 97.2 (617) Yes 5.6 (26) 2.8 (18) Sensitivity analysis, yes¶ 3.1 (19) 2.4 (16) .22‡ IOM, Institute of Medicine.
↵* Values are presented as % (N) for categorical and mean (SD) for continuous.
↵† From Student’s t test.
↵‡ From Pearson’s χ2 test of proportions.
↵§ Missing values from one site (69/599 = 11.5%).
↵‖ If exclude site missing pre-data, post-intervention gestational Diabetes = 7.6%. No significant difference.
↵¶ Omitting site that changed diagnostic criteria between pre- and postintervention time period.
Variable Low Weight Gain High Weight Gain Intervention group 1.20 (0.85–1.69); P = .31 0.85 (0.63–1.16); P = .10 IOM Counseling 0.83 (0.99–1.04); P = .30 1.04 (0.76–1.43); P = .79 Site 1 UIC Reference Reference 2 StMary’s 1.02 (0.64–1.62); P = .46 0.76 (0.50–1.17); P = .12 3 Hinsdale 0.68 (0.42–1.10); P = .12 1.06 (0.70–1.59); P = .60 4 Adv Christ 1.06 (0.66–1.70); P = .31 1.07 (0.71–1.61); P = .57 5 Resurrection 0.74 (0.40–1.37); P = .43 0.69 (0.40–1.19); P = .09 6 N Dakota 0.86 (0.42–1.78); P = .90 1.12 (0.63–2.01); P = .56 7 Rockford, IL 0.96 (0.44–2.09); P = .81 1.30 (0.69–2.44); P = .25 Race Caucasian Reference Reference Asian 1.01 (0.55–1.83); P = .15 0.55 (0.31–0.97); P = .04 African American 0.96 (0.62–1.48); P = .05 0.72 (0.49-1.05); P = .16 Hispanic 0.94 (0.64–1.37); P = .04 0.72 (0.52–1.02); P = .15 Native American 11.42 (1.40 to 93.30); P = .02 4.03 (0.48–34.17); P = .12 Pre-BMI <18.5 (Underweight) 0.98 (0.54–1.80); P = .76 0.35 (0.16–0.74); P < .01 18.5 to 24.9 (Normal) Reference Reference 25.0 to 29.9 (Overweight) 0.64 (0.44–0.94); P = .02 2.16 (1.60–2.93); P < .01 >30.0 (Obese) 1.11 (0.78–1.57); P = .17 2.25 (1.64–3.08); P < .01 Insurance Commercial Reference Reference Medicaid 1.52 (1.07–2.16); P = .86 1.25 (0.92–1.69); P = .88 Self-pay 2.58 (0.81–8.27); P = .21 1.42 (0.47–4.27); P = .67 Parity 1.02 (0.73–1.43); P = .91 0.54 (0.41–0.73); P < .01 Maternal age 1.01 (0.98–1.03); P = .60 0.98 (0.96–1.01); P = .16 IOM, Institute of Medicine; BMI, body mass index; UIC, University of Illinois, Chicago.
↵* Values are presented as odds ratio (95% CI).
Variable Gestational Diabetes Shoulder Dystocia Intervention group 0.54 (0.32–0.91); P = .02 0.65 (0.33–1.30); P = .22 IOM Counseling 0.94 (0.56–1.58); P = .81 0.31 (0.12-0.78); P = .01 Site 1 UIC Reference Reference 2 StMary’s 1.13 (0.51–2.52); P = .77 0.94 (0.35–2.56); P = .35 3 Hinsdale 1.72 (0.77–3.85); P = .11 1.86 (0.77–4.51); P < .01 4 Adv Christ 1.12 (0.49–2.57); P = .74 0.49 (0.16–1.55); P = .54 5 Resurrection 0.61 (0.20–1.87); P = .08 0.19 (0.02–1.59); P = .16 6 N Dakota 2.67 (1.06–6.69); P < .01 0.50 (0.12-2.15); P = .67 7 Rockford, IL 1.10 (0.35–3.47); P = .80 0.57 (0.13-2.45); P = .82 Race Caucasian Reference Reference Asian 4.50 (1.99–10.20); P < .01 0.26 (0.03–1.99); P = .98 African American 0.65 (0.30–1.39); P = .02 0.77 (0.32–1.84); P = .96 Hispanic 2.10 (1.25–3.54); P = .11 0.71 (0.33-1.56); P = .96 Native American 0.94 (0.19-4.68); P = .53 <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99); P = .97 Pre-BMI <18.5 (Underweight) 0.53 (0.11–2.46); P = .11 0.88 (0.19–4.04); P = .68 18.5 to 24.9 (Normal) Reference Reference 25.0 to 29.9 (Overweight) 1.84 (1.08–3.16); P = .20 1.38 (0.69–2.77); P = .45 >30.0 (Obese) 3.32 (1.98–5.57); P < .01 1.26 (0.59–2.69); P = .68 Insurance Commercial Reference Reference Medicaid 0.51 (0.11–2.46); P = .76 1.44 (0.66–3.15); P = .32 Self-pay 0.34 (0.07–1.67); P = .36 5.50 (0.97–31.11); P = .07 Parity 1.16 (0.70–1.91); P = .57 1.30 (0.64–2.64); P = .47 Maternal age 1.07 (1.03–1.11); P < .01 0.98 (0.92–1.04); P = .45 IOM, Institute of Medicine; BMI, body mass index; UIC, University of Illinois, Chicago.
↵* Values are presented as odds ratio (95% CI).
