Predictors of Medication-Assisted Treatment Initiation for Opioid Use Disorder in an Interdisciplinary Primary Care Model

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Characteristics of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder, Total, and by Medication-Assisted Treatment Initiation Versus No MAT Initiation

Patient Characteristics	Total	MAT Initiation	No MAT Initiation	P Value
Patient Characteristics	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	P Value
Total	1638	542 (33.1)	1096 (66.9)
Urban/rural				.5776
Urban	1222 (74.6)	404 (74.5)	818 (74.6)
Rural	416 (25.4)	138 (25.5)	278 (25.4)
Sex				.2946
Male	658 (40.2)	208 (38.4)	450 (41.1)
Female	980 (59.8)	334 (61.6)	646 (58.9)
Age as of date of first MAT prescription				<.0001
18 to 29	332 (20.3)	149 (27.5)	NA
30 to 49	791 (48.3)	282 (52.0)	NA
50+	515 (31.4)	111 (20.5)	NA
Race/Ethnicity (detail)				.5064
Hispanic	46 (2.8)	16 (2.9)	30 (2.7)
NH white	1358 (82.9)	457 (84.3)	901 (82.2)
NH other	52 (3.2)	12 (2.2)	40 (3.6)
NH black	94 (5.7)	24 (4.4)	70 (6.4)
Unknown	88 (5.4)	33 (6.1)	55 (5.0)
Race/Ethnicity (for analysis)				.0106
NH white	1358 (82.9)	457 (84.3)	901 (82.2)
Other	280 (17.1)	85 (15.7)	195 (17.8)
Insurance coverage at majority of visits in study year				<.0001
Commercial	128 (7.8)	65 (11.9)	63 (5.79)
Medicaid	977 (59.6)	315 (58.1)	662 (60.9)
Medicare	222 (13.6)	45 (8.3)	177 (16.3)
Self-pay	302 (18.4)	116 (21.4)	186 (17.1)
Other	<10	<10	<10
Comorbidities
Hypertension	463 (28.3)	110 (20.3)	353 (32.2)	.0215
Diabetes	166 (10.1)	27 (4.9)	139 (12.7)	.0011
Asthma/COPD	360 (21.9)	86 (15.9)	274 (25.0)	<.0001
Coronary artery disease	62 (3.8)	<10	55 (5.02)	.0020
Lipid disorder	251 (15.3)	50 (9.2)	201 (18.3)	<.0001
Cancer	130 (7.9)	27 (4.9)	103 (9.4)	.0029
HIV	<10	0	<10	.5380
Hepatitis C	174 (10.6)	50 (9.2)	124 (11.3)	.0331
Psychiatric disorder^*	1204 (73.5)	419 (77.3)	785 (71.6)	.0106
Current tobacco use at ≥1 visit	948 (57.9)	386 (71.2)	562 (51.3)	<.0001

NA, Not applicable; NH, Non-Hispanic; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MAT, Medication-Assisted Treatment.
↵* Psychiatric disorders included anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder.

Table 2.

Adjusted Odds Ratios of Medication-Assisted Treatment Initiation for Opioid Use Disorder by Patient Characteristics (n = 1638)^*

Characteristic	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P Value
Sex
Male	Ref
Female (ref: male)	1.04	0.82, 1.30	0.7719
Age as of date of first MAT prescription			0.0030
18 to 29	Ref
30 to 49	0.77	0.58, 1.01
50+	0.54	0.38, 0.77
Race/Ethnicity			0.7528
Non-Hispanic white	Ref
Other	0.95	0.71, 1.28
Insurance coverage at majority of visits in study period			<0.0001
Commercial	Ref
Medicaid	0.38	0.26, 0.57
Medicare	0.31	0.18, 0.53
Self-pay	0.53	0.34, 0.83
Comorbidities^†
Hypertension	0.89	0.67, 1.19	0.4495
Diabetes	0.56	0.35, 0.89	0.0135
Asthma/COPD	0.70	0.53, 0.94	0.0186
Coronary artery disease	0.54	0.24, 1.26	0.1537
Lipid disorder	0.71	0.49, 1.03	0.0714
Cancer	0.68	0.43, 1.09	0.1084
Hepatitis C	0.73	0.51, 1.05	0.0934
Psychiatric disorder^‡	1.62	1.25, 2.10	0.0003
Current tobacco use at ≥1 visit	2.46	1.95, 3.12	<0.0001

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MAT, medication-assisted treatment.
↵* Bolded values denote statistical significance at P < .05.
↵† Reference for each comorbid condition is the absence of the condition.
↵‡ Psychiatric disorders included anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder.