Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Effect modification of length of patient-provider relationship on decision-making preference and medication adherence.
Tables
- Table 1.
Comparison of Patient Characteristics by Decision-Making Preference (N = 75), 2011 to 2014
Total (N = 75) Passive (n = 14) Active (n = 18) Shared (n = 43) Age, mean (SD) 59.93 (10.29) 61.36 (11.32) 60.89 (11.20) 59.07 (9.71) Female, n (%) 42 (56.0%) 7 (50.0%) 11 (61.1%) 24 (55.8%) Black, n (%) 43 (57.3%) 11 (78.6%) 9 (50.0%) 23 (53.5%) Seeing same PCP for >1 year 47 (62.7%) 6 (42.9%) 13 (72.2%) 28 (65.1%) Education, n (%) Less than high school 8 (10.7%) 3 (21.4%) 2 (11.1%) 3 (7.0%) HS/technical school 25 (33.3%) 6 (42.9%) 6 (33.3%) 13 (30.2%) Some college 42 (56.0%) 5 (35.7%) 10 (55.6%) 27 (62.8%) Unemployed, n (%) 51 (68.0%) 10 (71.4%) 14 (77.8%) 27 (62.8%) Income ≤$40,000, n (%) 47 (62.7%) 10 (71.4%) 9 (50.0%) 28 (65.1%) Insurance, n (%) Private 12 (16.0%) 2 (14.3%) 5 (27.8%) 5 (11.6%) Medicare 21 (28.0%) 2 (14.3%) 7 (38.9%) 12 (27.9%) Medicaid 25 (33.3%) 7 (50%) 4 (22.2%) 14 (32.6%) None 17 (22.7%) 3 (21.4%) 2 (11.1%) 12 (27.9%) Diabetes, n (%) 31 (41.3%) 9 (64.3%) 8 (44.4%) 14 (32.6%) Baseline SBP, mean (SD) 131.95 (17.27) 123.50 (13.08) 134.29 (15.60) 133.47 (18.61) Baseline DBP, mean (SD) 76.69 (11.92) 70.40 (14.03) 77.36 (11.47) 78.26 (11.18) Number of antihypertensive medications, mean (SD) 2.23 (1.17) 2.00 (1.04) 2.28 (1.41) 2.28 (1.12) DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; HS, High School; PCP, Primary Care Provider; SD, standard deviation; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure.
- Table 2.
Demographic Characteristics of Primary Care Providers from Safety-Net Practices (N = 27), 2011 to 2015
Provider Characteristics Age, mean (SD) 36.2 (6.0) Female, n (%) 18 (66.7%) Race, n (%) White 15 (55.6%) Black 5 (18.5%) Latino 2 (7.4%) Indian 1 (3.7%) Asian 4 (14.8%) Type of provider, n (%) MD 26 (96.3%) Nurse practitioner 1 (3.7%) Specialty, n (%) Internal medicine 22 (81.5%) Other (Geriatric, NP) 5 (18.5%) Born in the United States, n (%) 25 (92.6%) SD, standard deviation; MD, Medical Doctor; NP, Nurse Practitioner.
- Table 3.
Rates of Medication Adherence by Decision-Making Preference, as Assessed by an Electronic Monitoring Device Using the Scheduling Adherence Metric over the 3-Month Study Period (N = 75)
Decision-Making Preference N % Adherence (Range, 0% to 100%) ≥80% Adherent Mean SD n % Passive 43 57.3% 62.98 30.24 5 35.7% Active 18 24.0% 89.31 17.74 14 77.8% Shared 14 18.7% 83.84 19.51 31 72.1% SD, standard deviation.
The scheduling adherence metric is defined as the ratio of the number of pills taken versus the number of pills prescribed per day in the specified time period (90 days).
- Table 4.
Results of the Generalized Linear Mixed Models Testing the Associations Between Medication Adherence and Decision-Making Preference as Moderated by Years with Primary Care Provider Among 75 Hypertensive Patients
Model 1 Model 2 B SE P B SE P Patient age 0.54 0.25 .031 0.52 0.24 .032 Patient race −9.26 4.95 .066 −8.08 4.89 .103 Employment status 9.72 5.36 .074 7.82 5.33 .147 Insurance status 1.25 1.92 .516 1.25 1.88 .509 Number of antihypertensive medications 8.42 5.00 .097 8.43 4.88 .089 Decision-making preference Shared 15.87 6.62 .019 59.44 19.76 .004 Active 22.58 7.62 .004 38.91 24.97 .124 Passive REF REF REF REF REF REF Years with primary care provider ≥1 8.21 5.20 .119 27.53 10.93 .014 Shared × years w/ PCP −28.74 12.50 .025 Active × years w/ PCP −12.66 15.15 .407 Passive × years w/ PCP REF REF REF SE, standard error; PCP, primary care provider.
