Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Population Demographics by Coronary Artery Calcification Change over 2 Years (N = 311)
Increase in CAC No Change or Improvement in CAC Time between CAC measures, months, mean (SD) 25.56 (2.60) 25.31 (2.36) Change in CAC, mean (SD) 82.41 (206.78) −5.59 (62.44) Age, mean (SD) 58.40 (8.57) 53.95 (7.33) Sex Female 60 (53.1) 152 (69.7) Male 53 (46.9) 66 (30.3) Race/ethnicity White 45 (39.8) 60 (27.5) Hispanic/Latino 33 (29.2) 74 (33.9) African American 35 (31.0) 84 (38.5) Disease status at baseline Hypertension 66 (76.7) 94 (61.0) Dyslipidemia 75 (69.4) 99 (46.3) Diabetes mellitus 25 (23.8) 27 (12.9) Chronic diseases (n) 0 9 (11.0) 41 (27.3) 1 23 (28.0) 48 (32.0) 2 34 (41.5) 50 (33.3) 3 16 (19.5) 11 (7.3) Disease measures at baseline, mean (SD) Low-density lipoprotein 115.66 (43.82) 111.10 (32.42) HDL 52.24 (13.56) 55.62 (16.49) Triglycerides 165.52 (151.18) 135.97 (77.08) Non-HDL 147.12 (50.10) 138.28 (36.39) Systolic blood pressure 134.95 (16.12) 127.59 (13.91) Diastolic blood pressure 81.67 (9.02) 79.74 (8.34) Fasting glucose 107.48 (37.20) 97.51 (16.92) Body mass index, mean (SD) 31.21 (6.59) 30.42 (6.06) Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. Values may not add up to 311 because of missing data.
CAC, coronary artery calcification; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.
- Table 2.
Composite Cardiovascular Disease Event and Coronary Artery Calcification Change over 2 Years (N = 311)
CAC Progression CVD Composite Event* No Event Increase 16 (69.6) 89 (31.8) No change/improvement 7 (30.4) 191 (68.2) P < .001 Data are n (%). Values may not add up to 311 because of missing data.
↵* Experienced a myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, or other heart condition within the previous 2 years.
CAC, coronary artery calcification; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
- Table 3.
Cardiovascular Factors and Increase in Coronary Artery Calcium Scores over 2 Years
Change in CAC Unadjusted Model Adjusted Model* OR 95% CI P Value OR 95% CI P Value Age 1.07 1.04–1.10 <.001 — — — Sex Female — — — — — — Male 2.03 1.27–3.25 .003 — — — Disease status at baseline Hypertension 2.11 1.16–3.83 .01 1.68 0.89–3.16 .11 Dyslipidemia 2.64 1.62–4.31 <.001 2.19 1.32–3.66 .003 Diabetes mellitus 2.11 1.15–3.85 .02 1.91 1.01–3.63 .05 Chronic diseases (n) 0 — — — — — — 1 2.18 0.91–5.24 .08 1.71 0.69–4.24 .25 2 3.10 1.33–7.20 .01 2.47 1.02–5.98 .04 3 6.63 2.31–19.00 <.001 4.80 1.57–14.73 .01 Disease measures at baseline Low-density lipoprotein 1.00 1.00–1.01 .29 1.01 1.00–1.01 .10 HDL 0.99 0.97–1.00 .06 0.99 0.97–1.01 .18 Triglycerides 1.00 1.00–1.01 .04 1.00 1.00–1.01 .08 Non-HDL 1.01 1.00–1.01 .07 1.01 1.00–1.01 .04 Systolic blood pressure 1.03 1.01–1.06 .002 1.03 1.01–1.06 .01 Diastolic blood pressure 1.03 0.99–1.07 .15 1.04 1.00–1.08 .07 Fasting glucose 1.02 1.01–1.03 .003 1.01 1.00–1.02 .01 Body mass index 1.02 0.96–1.07 .57 1.02 0.98–1.06 .28 ↵* Adjusted for age and sex.
CAC, coronary artery calcification; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio.
- Table 4.
Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Development of a Cardiovascular Disease Event over 2 Years
CAC Progression Composite CVD Event Unadjusted Model* Adjusted Model† OR 95% CI P Value OR 95% CI P Value No change/improvement — — — — — — Increase 4.91 1.95–12.35 .001 4.06 1.47–11.21 .007 ↵* Experienced a myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, or other heart condition within the previous 2 years.
↵† Adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, number of chronic conditions, and body mass index.
CAC, coronary artery calcification; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; OR, odds ratio.
