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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Retirement and Healthy Lifestyle: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data Report

Dana E. King and Jun Xiang
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine March 2017, 30 (2) 213-219; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2017.02.160244
Dana E. King
the Department of Family Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown.
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Jun Xiang
the Department of Family Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown.
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  • Article
  • Figures & Data
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Article Figures & Data

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    Table 1.

    American Heart Association (AHA) Definition of Cardiovascular Health Metric (Life's Simple 7)

    Health FactorsLevelsAHA Definition*
    Blood pressureIdeal<120/<80 mmHg, without treatment
    IntermediateSBP 120–139 or DBP 80–89 mmHg, or treated to <120/<80 mmHg
    PoorSBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg
    Fasting serum glucoseIdeal<100 mg/dL, without treatment
    Intermediate100–125 mg/dL, or treated to <100 mg/dL
    Poor≥126 mg/dL
    Total cholesterolIdeal<200 mg/dL, without treatment
    Intermediate200–239 mg/dL, treated to <200 mg dL
    Poor≥240 mg/dL
    Behavioral factors
        SmokingIdealNever or quit >12 months earlier
    IntermediateFormer (quit ≤12 months earlier)
    PoorCurrent
        Physical activityIdeal≥150 min/week moderate, or ≥75 min/week vigorous, or ≥150 min/week moderate + vigorous
    Intermediate1–149 min/week moderate, or 1–74 min/week vigorous, or 1–149 min/week moderate + vigorous
    PoorNone
        Healthy weightIdealBMI <25 kg/m2
    IntermediateBMI 25–29.9 kg/m2
    PoorBMI ≥30 kg/m2
        Healthy diet*Ideal4 or 5 components
    Intermediate2 or 3 components
    Poor0 or 1 component
    • ↵* American Heart Association's (AHA's) healthy diet category contains 5 components: consumption of fruits and vegetables (≥4.5 cups/day), fiber-rich whole grain (≥3 1-oz servings/day), sodium (<1500 mg/day), sugar-sweetened beverages (≤36 oz/week), and fish (≥2 3.5-oz servings/week). Our modified healthy diet category also consists of 5 components: consumption of fruits and vegetables (≥4.5 cups/day), fiber-rich whole grain (≥ 3 oz/day), sodium (<2300 mg/day), added sugar (<37.5 g/day for men, <25 g/day for women), and fish (≥2 times/week).

    • BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Unweighted Sociodemographic Characteristics of Subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012

    CharacteristicRetirees (n = 359)*Nonretirees (n = 597)*P Value†
    Age, years (mean ± SD)65.6 ± 3.561.0 ± 4.3<.0001
    Sex
        Male52.457.1.04
        Female47.642.9
    Height, cm (mean ± SD)166.9 ± 9.5168.2 ± 10.1.0003
    Weight, kg (mean ± SD)84.3 ± 20.682.2 ± 19.4.25
    Race
        Hispanic21.226.3.58
        White41.841.0
        Black27.921.3
        Other9.211.4
    Body mass index
        Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)0.90.7.62
        Normal weight (≥18.5 but ≤24.9 kg/m2)20.526.0
        Overweight (≥25 but ≤29.9 kg/m2)32.135.5
        Obese (≥30 kg/m2)46.537.8
    Health insurance
        None7.018.8<.0001
        Private55.066.8
        Public38.014.4
    Ratio of family income to poverty
        ≥1.086.288.7.24
        <1.013.811.3
    • Data are percentages unless otherwise indicated.

    • ↵* Numbers of subjects in each category may be different because of the missing values for some variables.

    • ↵† P value from the χ2 test (categorical variables) and regression analysis (continuous variables) comparing the difference in demographic variables between late retirees and nonretirees.

    • SD, standard deviation.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Comparison of the Prevalence of the 7 Components of the Life's Simple 7 Between Retirees and Nonretirees

    Cardiovascular Health MetricRetireesNonretireesP Value*
    No.PrevalenceNo.Prevalence
    Smoking status.27
        Ideal29786.549183.7
        Intermediate102.3111.0
        Poor5211.29415.2
    Healthy weight.25
        Ideal6718.314924.6
        Intermediate11434.121035.4
        Poor17447.623340.0
    Physical activity.17
        Ideal12841.916533.5
        Intermediate5013.49818.7
        Poor18144.633447.8
    Total cholesterol.81
        Ideal19552.630549.6
        Intermediate11435.020435.5
        Poor4412.38214.9
    Blood pressure.05
        Ideal10131.118839.4
        Intermediate15845.025845.5
        Poor8823.912615.1
    Glucose.07
        Ideal9029.922540.7
        Intermediate16853.125746.2
        Poor7617.08913.1
    Healthy diet.21
        Ideal71.471.5
        Intermediate9128.513921.1
        Poor24070.241877.4
    • ↵* P value from χ2 test comparing the difference of prevalence among the 7 components of the Life's Simple 7 between late-middle-age retirees and nonretirees.

    • View popup
    Table 4.

    Logistic Regression Estimates for Comparing the Prevalence of the 7 Components of the Life's Simple 7 Between Retirees and Nonretirees, Controlling for Demographic Variables

    Cardiovascular Health MetricOdds Ratio*95% Confidence Interval
    Smoking status1.050.51 to −2.17
    Healthy weight1.530.89–2.64
    Physical activity1.851.10–3.09
    Total cholesterol1.050.52–2.11
    Blood pressure0.660.38–1.14
    Glucose0.680.39–1.18
    Healthy diet1.370.78–2.43
    • ↵* Odds ratios for Life's Simple 7 item prevalence after adjusting for age, sex, race, health insurance status, and poverty level.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 30 (2)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 30, Issue 2
March-April 2017
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Retirement and Healthy Lifestyle: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data Report
Dana E. King, Jun Xiang
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Mar 2017, 30 (2) 213-219; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.02.160244

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Retirement and Healthy Lifestyle: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data Report
Dana E. King, Jun Xiang
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Mar 2017, 30 (2) 213-219; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.02.160244
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