Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Adjusted mean acceptance scores by level of CM FTE embedment derived from separate analyses for physicians and staff. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. CM = Care Manager; FTE = Full Time Equivalent.
Tables
- Table 1.
Practice, Model Implementation, and Respondent Characteristics of Physicians and Practice Staff Responding to a Survey Conducted During the Third Year of the 5-Year Demonstration
Staff (n = 699) Physicians (n = 284) No. % No. % Respondent characteristics Age (years) 18–29 113 16.2 6 2.1 30–39 168 24.0 51 18.0 40–49 156 22.3 84 29.6 50–59 180 25.8 88 31.0 ≥60 78 11.2 55 19.4 Female sex 669 95.7 145 51.1 Professional role NA Nurse practitioner/physical assistant 49 7.0 Other nurse 100 14.3 Medical assistant 174 24.9 Practice manager 136 19.5 Other clinical 46 6.6 Other administrative 194 27.8 Job longevity (≥7 years)* 317 45.4 187 65.8 Practice characteristics Pediatric practice 96 13.7 34 12.0 Practice size (no. of providers) 1–2 161 23.0 39 13.7 3–4 170 24.3 63 22.2 5–7 196 28.0 71 25.0 8–11 104 14.9 51 18.0 12 or more 68 9.7 60 21.1 EHR implementation change 135 19.3 116 40.8 Model implementation characteristics Average CM job longevity (2.5 years or more)* 315 45.1 135 47.5 Average embedded CM FTE <25 104 14.9 32 11.3 25–49 134 19.2 60 21.1 50–74 160 22.9 54 19.0 75–99 125 17.9 59 20.8 100 173 24.7 78 27.5 Embedded CMs (n) 0 27 3.9 12 4.2 1 318 45.5 126 44.4 2 194 27.8 86 30.3 3 or 4 108 15.5 37 13.0 ≥5 52 7.4 23 8.1 CM(s) employer is the practice 161 23.0 37 13.0 Meeting or exceeding patients'/CM standards 375 53.6 172 60.6 ↵* Distributed approximately normally and treated as a continuous variable in the analysis.
CM, care manager; EHR, electronic health record; FTE, full-time equivalent; NA, not applicable.
- Table 2.
Item-Level and Composite Measures of Model Acceptance by Staff and Physicians in MiPCT Practices
Staff (n = 699) Physicians (n = 284) Mean SD Mean SD Single item* The CM is an important member of our team. 4.07 0.88 4.13 0.98 The CM improved our ability to meet patient needs. 4.08 0.87 4.14 0.95 There is good CM-staff communication. 3.88 0.93 4.04 0.97 MiPCT has been a positive experience. 3.97 0.85 4.05 0.89 I have complete trust in CMs. 4.47 0.76 I refer eligible patients to CMs. 4.08 0.93 I would like care management to continue. 4.51 0.77 Composite CM acceptance 4.00 0.80 4.20 0.73 ↵* All items were scored on a scale of 1 to 5.
CM, care manager; MiPCT, Michigan Primary Care Transformation; SD, standard deviation.
- Table 3.
Results of Mixed Model Analysis with Care Manager Acceptance as the Dependent Variable and Respondent Characteristics, Practice Characteristics, and Model Implementation as Fixed-Effect Independent Variables
Predictors Staff Acceptance Physician Acceptance β P Value β P Value Respondent characteristics Age, years (reference: 50–59) 18–29 0.23 .013 0.29 .376 30–39 0.07 .365 0.28 .055 40–49 0.09 .259 0.24 .037 ≥60 0.02 .809 0.03 .798 Sex (reference: female) Men −0.12 .402 0.03 .695 Professional role (reference: other administrative) Excluded/NA Nurse practitioner/physical assistant 0.31 .006 Other nurse 0.20 .022 Medical assistant −0.09 .228 Practice manager 0.24 .035 Other clinical 0.40 .000 Job longevity 0.01 .032 0.01 .318 Practice characteristics Pediatric practice (reference: no) Yes −0.35 .002 0.07 .633 Practice size (reference: 5–7) 1–2 −0.08 .538 0.05 .792 3–4 −0.07 .529 0.16 .255 8–11 −0.11 .390 −0.07 .648 ≥12 −0.11 .481 0.02 .907 EHR implementation change (reference: no) Yes 0.14 .156 −0.08 .461 Model implementation characteristics Average CM job longevity 0.13 .028 0.17 .018 Average embedded CM FTE (reference: 100) <25 −0.53 .000 −0.59 .001 25–49 −0.41 .002 −0.50 .001 50–74 −0.29 .019 −0.26 .080 75–99 −0.17 .159 −0.09 .558 Embedded CMs, n (reference: 1) 0 −0.19 .334 −0.38 .120 2 0.12 .268 0.13 .266 3 or 4 0.26 .084 0.02 .919 ≥5 −0.06 .732 −0.15 .463 CM(s) employer is the practice (reference: no) Yes −0.12 .295 0.34 .013 Meeting or exceeding patients/CM standard (reference: no) Yes 0.04 .667 −0.13 .266 Practice was treated as a random effect in the model. Boldface indicates a significant association at P < .05.
CM, care manager; EHR, electronic health record; FTE, full-time equivalent; NA, not applicable.
