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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Intimate Partner Violence and Current Mental Health Needs Among Female Veterans

Katherine M. Iverson, Dawne Vogt, Melissa E. Dichter, S. Louisa Carpenter, Rachel Kimerling, Amy E. Street and Megan R. Gerber
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine November 2015, 28 (6) 772-776; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150154
Katherine M. Iverson
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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Dawne Vogt
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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Melissa E. Dichter
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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S. Louisa Carpenter
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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Rachel Kimerling
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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Amy E. Street
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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Megan R. Gerber
From the National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, SLC, AES); the Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (KMI, DV, AES); the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (MED); the National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA (RK); the Women's Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA (MRG); and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MRG).
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    Table 1. Unadjusted Associations Between Reports of Past-Year Intimate Partner Violence Experiences and Mental Health Conditions Among a 2012 Mail Survey Sample of Female Veterans Health Administration Patients
    Probable Mental Health ConditionOdds Ratio95% Confidence IntervalP Value
    Model 1: depression3.211.63–6.34.001
    Model 2: PTSD2.751.34–5.64.006
    Model 3: alcohol dependence3.061.05–8.93.040
    Model 4: ≥2 MH conditions*3.671.81–7.43.001
    • Because of missing data, the number of patients varied from 152 to 158. Cases were excluded via list-wise deletion because of missing values.

    • ↵* Mental health (MH) multimorbidity, defined as the presence of 2 or 3 of the MH conditions examined in this study.

    • PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Associations Between Reports of Past-Year Intimate Partner Violence Experiences and Mental Health Conditions, Adjusted for Military Sexual Trauma
    Probable Mental Health ConditionAdjusted OR95% Confidence IntervalP Value
    Model 1: depression
        Age0.930.64–1.34.69
        Race (white vs nonwhite)0.390.16–0.94.04
        MST2.331.16–4.69.02
        IPV3.021.46–6.26.003
    Model 2: PTSD
        Age1.180.79–1.77.42
        Race (white vs. nonwhite)0.360.15–0.87.02
        MST2.981.29–6.84.01
        IPV2.351.08–5.08.031
    Model 3: alcohol dependence
        Age0.860.50–1.49.59
        Race (white vs. nonwhite)0.510.16–1.67.27
        MST1.380.43–4.45.59
        IPV2.880.94–8.82.06
    Model 4: ≥2 MH conditions*
        Age1.200.80–1.80.37
        Race (white vs. nonwhite)0.300.12–0.75.01
        MST2.831.27–6.30.01
        IPV3.321.54–7.17.002
    • Because of missing data, the numbers of patients varied from 152 to 158. Cases were excluded via list-wise deletion because of missing values.

    • ↵* Mental health (MH) multimorbidity, defined as the presence of 2 or 3 of the MH conditions examined in this study.

    • IPV, intimate partner violence; MST, military sexual trauma; OR, odds ratio; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 28 (6)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 28, Issue 6
November-December 2015
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Intimate Partner Violence and Current Mental Health Needs Among Female Veterans
Katherine M. Iverson, Dawne Vogt, Melissa E. Dichter, S. Louisa Carpenter, Rachel Kimerling, Amy E. Street, Megan R. Gerber
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2015, 28 (6) 772-776; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150154

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Intimate Partner Violence and Current Mental Health Needs Among Female Veterans
Katherine M. Iverson, Dawne Vogt, Melissa E. Dichter, S. Louisa Carpenter, Rachel Kimerling, Amy E. Street, Megan R. Gerber
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Nov 2015, 28 (6) 772-776; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150154
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