Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Mobile phone ownership and mHealth use among primary care patients.
Tables
- Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Sampled from 6 Primary Care Practices in Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, and Idaho (June 2013)
Characteristics Patients, n (%) Age, years (n = 858) 18–24 130 (15.2) 25–34 183 (21.3) 35–44 164 (19.1) 45–54 163 (19.0) 55–64 140 (16.3) ≥65 78 (9.1) Female sex (n = 859) 643 (74.9) Race/ethnicity (n = 867) White 694 (80.1) Native American 18 (2.1) Asian/Pacific Islander 31 (3.6) African American 21 (2.4) Latino 42 (4.8) Other/multiracial 61 (7.0) Any health literacy limitation (n = 844) 526 (62.3) Any chronic medical condition (n = 909) 575 (63.3) Depression (n = 808)* 334 (41.3) ↵* Depression is defined as a 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥3 or a history of depression endorsed as a medical condition.
- Table 2. Description of mHealth Use Among Primary Care Patients Who Report Such Use (n = 353)
mHealth Use Primary Care Patients Reporting Use Mobile health use and type Find health information 324 (91.8) Use health apps 202 (57.2) Track or manage health condition 191 (54.1) Frequency of mHealth use (n = 349) Once a month or less 130 (37.3) 2–3 times a month 111 (31.8) 1–6 times a week 70 (20.1) Once a day or more 38 (10.9) Favorite app (n = 235) General health app (eg, WedMD, iTriage, Mayo Clinic) 85 (36.2) Activity/fitness (eg, My Fitness Pal) 34 (14.5) Weight/diet (eg, Weight Watchers, LoseIt) 24 (10.2) Reproductive (menstrual, pregnancy, or infant trackers) 19 (8.1) Web search (eg, Google, Bing) 18 (7.7) More than one favorite app 18 (7.7) Other (eg, goal trackers, smoking logs) 14 (6.0) Patient portal (eg, e-care, MyChart) 10 (4.3) Medication (eg, pharmacy app, pill trackers) 7 (3.0) Disease specific (eg, glucose monitoring, mood monitoring) 6 (2.6) Ever stopped using an app after a short time (n = 310) 122 (39.4) Reasons cited for stopping use of an app after a short time (n = 98) Took too much time 47 (48.0) Didn't do what you wanted 32 (32.7) Problem with login/password 6 (6.1) Other 13 (13.3) How mHealth users learned about apps (n = 277) Doctor/clinic 27 (9.8) Family/friend 37 (13.4) Website/Internet 150 (54.2) Flier/mail/other ad 7 (2.5) Other (eg, “app store”) 56 (20.2) Importance for PCPs to know about mHealth use (n = 311) Very important 37 (11.9) Important 59 (19.0) A little important 93 (29.9) Not at all important 122 (39.2) My doctor has recommended a health app (n = 322) 22 (6.8) How useful this feature would be on your phone* Appointment reminders (n = 318) 4.0 ± 1.4 Medication reminders (n = 312) 3.6 ± 1.7 General health information (n = 314) 3.5 ± 1.4 Track progress (eg, mood, weight) (n = 310) 3.5 ± 1.5 Help changing a habit (n = 308) 3.2 ± 1.7 Feedback on how I'm doing (n = 312) 3.2 ± 1.6 Tell doctor how I'm doing (n = 311) 3.2 ± 1.7 Stress management/coping (n = 310) 3.1 ± 1.7 Support group/social network (n = 308) 2.3 ± 1.8 Tell friend/family how I'm doing (n = 305) 1.9 ± 1.8 Data are number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
↵* Usefulness of the features was rated on a scale of 0 (least useful) to 5 (most useful).
PCPs, primary care providers.
Unadjusted Models Multivariate Model* (n = 866) Patients (n) OR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P Value Age (years) 809 18–24 Reference Reference 25–34 1.13 (0.65–1.95) .68 1.13 (0.65–1.98) .66 35–44 0.72 (0.41–1.25) .24 0.77 (0.44–1.35) .36 45–54 0.36 (0.21–0.60) <.001 0.39 (0.22–0.68) .001 55–64 0.18 (0.10–0.30) <.001 0.21 (0.12–0.37) <.001 ≥65 0.06 (0.03–0.13) <.001 0.08 (0.04–0.17) <.001 Sex Male Reference Reference Female 811 0.87 (0.63–1.21) .41 0.75 (0.51–1.09) .13 Race/ethnicity 818 White Reference Reference Native American 0.89 (0.33–2.45) .83 0.78 (0.26–2.39) .66 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.25 (0.56–2.79) .58 0.74 (0.3–1.83) .51 African American 2.61 (0.85–8.07) .10 1.67 (0.51–5.47) .39 Latino 2.04 (1.00–4.16) .05 1.18 (0.55–2.53) .67 Other/multiracial 1.05 (0.60–1.84) .86 0.74 (0.41–1.37) .34 Any health literacy limitation 797 0.87 (0.65–1.17) .37 0.86 (0.62–1.2) .38 Any chronic medical condition 857 0.5 (0.37–0.67) <.001 0.74 (0.53–1.04) .08 Depression 762 0.82 (0.61–1.10) .18 0.81 (0.58–1.14) .23 All models were adjusted for clustering within clinics.
↵* The multivariate model reports results from a single model that includes all of the independent variables in the table. Multiple imputation was used for missing variables in the multivariate model.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Unadjusted Models Multivariate Model* (n = 879) Patients (n) OR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P Value Age (years) 822 18–24 Reference Reference 25–34 1.00 (0.62–1.62) .99 1.00 (0.61–1.62) .99 35–44 0.64 (0.39–1.05) .08 0.66 (0.4–1.1) .11 45–54 0.31 (0.18–0.51) <.001 0.32 (0.19–0.55) <.001 55–64 0.14 (0.08–0.25) <.001 0.16 (0.09–0.3) <.001 ≥65 0.05 (0.02–0.12) <.001 0.07 (0.03–0.16) <.001 Sex Male Reference Reference Female 825 1.28 (0.92–1.79) .14 1.15 (0.79–1.66) .47 Race/ethnicity 831 White Reference Reference Native American 1.33 (0.50–3.52) .57 1.16 (0.4–3.34) .78 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.11 (0.52–2.37) .79 0.72 (0.31–1.66) .44 African American 0.93 (0.36–2.42) .89 0.63 (0.23–1.74) .37 Latino 2.29 (1.20–4.37) .01 1.47 (0.73–2.93) .28 Other/multiracial 1.30 (0.76–2.25) .34 0.91 (0.5–1.64) .75 Any health literacy limitation 810 1.00 (0.74–1.33) .98 0.98 (0.7–1.36) .89 Any chronic medical condition 870 0.60 (0.45–0.79) <.001 0.91 (0.66–1.26) .58 Depression 774 0.96 (0.71–1.29) .78 0.95 (0.68–1.32) .75 All models are adjusted for clustering within clinics.
↵* The multivariate model reports results from a single model that includes all of the independent variables in the table. Multiple imputation was used for missing variables in the multivariate model.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Unadjusted Models Multivariate Model* (n = 783) Patients (n) OR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P Value Age (years) 738 18–24 Reference Reference 25–34 1.15 (0.60–2.20) .67 1.14 (0.6–2.17) .69 35–44 0.64 (0.34–1.21) .17 0.69 (0.36–1.31) .25 45–54 0.27 (0.15–0.49) <.001 0.29 (0.16–0.54) <.001 55–64 0.14 (0.08–0.27) <.001 0.16 (0.09–0.31) <.001 ≥65 0.05 (0.02–0.11) <.001 0.06 (0.03–0.14) <.001 Sex Male Reference Reference Female 736 0.81 (0.56–1.17) .26 0.69 (0.46–1.05) .09 Race/ethnicity 743 White Reference Reference Native American 0.93 (0.30–2.83) .89 0.71 (0.21–2.46) .59 Asian/Pacific Islander 1.45 (0.58–3.58) .42 0.87 (0.3–2.51) .80 African American 2.07 (0.67–6.41) .21 1.27 (0.38–4.26) .70 Latino 1.95 (0.90–4.20) .09 1.05 (0.46–2.43) .91 Other/multiracial 1.26 (0.66–2.37) .48 0.86 (0.43–1.73) .67 Any health literacy limitation 725 0.92 (0.67–1.27) .62 0.92 (0.63–1.32) .64 Any chronic medical condition 776 0.56 (0.41–0.77) <.001 0.86 (0.6–1.25) .43 Depression 690 0.84 (0.61–1.15) .28 0.79 (0.55–1.16) .23 All models are adjusted for clustering within clinics.
↵* The multivariate model reports results from a single model that includes all of the independent variables in the table. Multiple imputation was used for missing variables in the multivariate model.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
Unadjusted Models Multivariate Model* (n = 498) Patients (n) OR (95% CI) P Value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P Value Age (years) 473 18–24 Reference Reference 25–34 0.83 (0.43–1.59) .58 0.83 (0.42–1.61) .58 35–44 0.72 (0.37–1.42) .35 0.71 (0.35–1.43) .33 45–54 0.41 (0.21–0.83) .01 0.43 (0.21–0.89) .02 55–64 0.26 (0.12–0.56) .001 0.26 (0.12–0.6) .001 ≥65 0.17 (0.05–0.57) .004 0.19 (0.05–0.68) .011 Sex Male Reference Reference Female 471 1.77 (1.14–2.74) .01 1.59 (0.99–2.55) .06 Race/ethnicity 476 White Reference Reference Native American 3.51 (0.43–28.75) .24 3.02 (0.38–24.18) .30 Asian/Pacific Islander 0.95 (0.35–2.59) .93 0.88 (0.3–2.57) .81 African American 0.44 (0.15–1.29) .13 0.36 (0.11–1.1) .07 Latino 1.77 (0.70–4.44) .23 1.43 (0.55–3.73) .47 Other/multiracial 1.49 (0.65–3.38) .35 1.21 (0.51–2.85) .67 Any health literacy limitation 464 1.2 (0.79–1.81) .39 1.2 (0.77–1.88) .43 Any chronic medical condition 493 0.95 (0.64–1.41) .81 1.2 (0.77–1.88) .41 Depression 436 1.28 (0.83–1.99) .27 1.2 (0.75–1.94) .44 All models are adjusted for clustering within clinics.
↵* The multivariate model reports results from a single model that includes all of the independent variables in the table. Multiple imputation was used for missing variables in the multivariate model.
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
In this issue
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- GPs' attitudes towards and experiences of using the Dermabuddy health app for the management of patients with dermatological conditions: a descriptive cross-sectional study
- Implementation of Technology-based Patient Engagement Strategies within Practice-based Research Networks
- Practice-based Research Networks at the Crossroads of Research Translation