Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Predicted probability of physician deception across a range of pharmaceutical misuse.
- Figure 2.
Predicted probability of physician deception across a range of family incomes.
Tables
Characteristics Patients (n) Patients Who Ever Attempted to Deceive A Physician Patients Who Attempted to Deceive a Physician for a Drug to Abuse Patients Who Attempted to Deceive a Physician for a Drug to Sell Sex Male 1136 4.8 (55)* 4.3 (49)* 2.7 (31)* Female 1210 3.1 (38) 2.7 (33) 1.4 (17) Race African American 557 3.8 (21) 2.9 (16)* 1.8 (10)* White 1574 3.7 (59)* 3.4 (53)* 1.8 (28)* Other 154 7.8 (12) 7.8 (12) 5.9 (9) Age (years) 17–19 1214 3.9 (47) 3.4 (41) 1.7 (20) 20–22 951 4.1 (39) 3.7 (35) 2.5 (24) 23–25 95 3.2 (3) 2.1 (2) 2.1 (2) ≥26 77 5.2 (4) 5.2 (4) 2.6 (2) Student athlete No 2222 3.7 (83)* 3.3 (73)* 1.8 (41)* Yes 125 8.0 (10) 7.2 (9) 5.6 (7) Fraternity/sorority No 1978 3.7 (74) 3.3 (65) 1.8 (35)* Yes 369 5.1 (19) 4.6 (17) 3.5 (13)* Sexual orientation Heterosexual 2254 3.6 (81)* 3.1 (70)* 1.7 (39)* LGBT 64 14.1 (9) 14.1 (9) 10.9 (7) Employed No 1646 3.3 (55)* 2.9 (47)* 1.5 (24)* Part time 622 4.8 (30)† 4.3 (27)* 2.7 (17)* Full time 79 10.1 (8) 10.1 (8) 8.9 (7) Family income <$10,000 65 9.2 (6) 9.2 (6) 7.7 (5) $10,000-$24,999 135 4.4 (6) 3.0 (4) 2.2 (3) $25,000-$49,999 316 4.7 (15) 4.7 (15) 2.2 (7) $50,000-$74,999 441 1.8 (8)* 1.6 (7)* 0.7 (3)* $75,000-$99,999 374 3.2 (12)* 2.4 (9)* 2.1 (8) $100,000-$124,999 370 3.8 (14)* 3.0 (11)* 1.6 (6) $125,000-$149,999 192 3.1 (6)† 3.1 (6) 1.6 (3) $150,000-$174,999 125 3.2 (4) 3.2 (4) 1.6 (2) >$175,000 233 9.0 (21) 8.2 (19) 4.3 (10) Alcohol use No 287 1.0 (3)* 0.7 (2)* 1.0 (3) Yes 2058 4.4 (90) 3.9 (80) 2.2 (45) Marijuana use No 980 0.8 (8)* 0.7 (7)* 0.4 (4)* Yes 1361 6.2 (85) 5.5 (75) 3.2 (44) Pharmaceutical misuse No 1560 1.2 (18)* 0.9 (14)* 0.6 (10)* Yes 780 9.5 (74) 8.6 (67) 4.7 (37) Characteristics Attempting to Deceive a Physician for Pharmaceuticals Any Reason For Abuse To Sell b (SE) OR b (SE) OR b (SE) OR b (SE) OR b (SE) OR b (SE) OR Sex (1 = male) −0.04 (0.18) 0.96 −0.07 (0.19) 0.93 −0.08 (0.18) 0.93 −0.09 (0.19) 0.91 −0.17 (0.19) 0.85 −0.23 (0.17) 0.80 Race* African American 0.19 (0.29) 1.21 0.47 (0.30) 1.60 0.00 (0.32) 1.00 0.30 (0.34) 1.35 0.30 (0.42) 1.35 0.62 (0.43) 1.85 Other 0.79† (0.36) 2.19 0.75‡ (0.41) 2.12 0.90† (0.37) 2.47 0.88† (0.42) 2.40 1.38† (0.44) 3.99 1.24† (0.51) 3.46 Age −0.02 (0.03) 0.98 −0.03 (0.03) 0.97 −0.02 (0.04) 0.98 −0.03 (0.03) 0.97 −0.02 (0.05) 0.98 −0.05 (0.04) 0.96 Student athlete (1 = yes) 0.66‡ (0.39) 1.94 0.78† (0.39) 2.18 0.65 (0.41) 1.92 0.76‡ (0.41) 2.15 0.91‡ (0.51) 2.48 1.04† (0.48) 2.83 Fraternity/sorority (1 = yes) 0.15 (0.27) 1.16 −0.11 (0.21) 0.89 0.11 (0.28) 1.11 −0.15 (0.21) 0.86 0.55 (0.39) 1.73 0.44 (0.42) 1.55 Employed§ Part time 0.43 (0.25) 1.54 0.48‡ (0.25) 1.61 0.47‡ (0.27) 1.6 0.53† (0.27) 1.70 0.63‡ (0.35) 1.87 0.62‡ (0.37) 1.87 Full time 1.15† (0.45) 3.16 1.12† (0.49) 3.06 1.29† (0.46) 3.63 1.28† (0.5) 3.60 1.74† (0.54) 5.68 1.68† (0.63) 5.34 Sexual orientation (1 = LGBT) 1.32† (0.4) 3.75 1.29† (0.39) 3.63 1.45† (0.41) 4.28 1.45† (0.39) 4.26 1.64† (0.49) 5.17 1.56† (0.46) 4.74 Family income −0.56† (0.23) 0.57 −0.57† (0.22) 0.57 −0.64† (0.24) 0.53 −0.64† (0.23) 0.53 −0.62† (0.31) 0.54 −0.58‡ (0.3) 0.56 Family income2 0.06† (0.02) 1.06 0.06† (0.02) 1.06 0.07† (0.02) 1.07 0.06† (0.02) 1.07 0.06† (0.03) 1.07 0.05‡ (0.03) 1.05 Alcohol use — — 0.17† (0.09) 1.19 — — 0.15‡ (0.09) 1.16 — — 0.10 (0.12) 1.10 Marijuana use — — 0.00 (0.07) 1.00 — — −0.03 (0.07) 0.97 — — 0.09 (0.09) 1.10 Pharmaceutical misuse — — 0.34† (0.07) 1.40 — — 0.35† (0.07) 1.42 — — 0.38† (0.10) 1.46 Constant −2.22 −2.88 −2.19 −2.74 −3.14 −3.49 Model χ2 41.31 64.65 45.54 62.02 50.41 60.43 Pseudo-R2 0.066 0.114 0.080 0.121 0.130 0.177 Model c (area under ROC curve) 0.652 0.710 0.667 0.719 0.698 0.761
