Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Forest plot for 6 studies using a random effects model. CI, confidence interval.
- Figure 2.
Funnel plot displaying the heterogeneity of studies. OR, odds ratio.
Tables
Study Intervention Placebo Duration of Study Gestation Stage Outcome Measure (Nausea and Vomiting) Basirat et al.31 500-mg ginger powder in biscuit, 5 biscuits/day Placebo biscuit 4 days <17 weeks Nausea scale (VAS) + frequency of vomiting Ozgoli et al.35 250-mg ginger capsules QID Lactose capsules 4 days <20 weeks Nausea scale (VAS) + frequency of vomiting Smith et al.26 350-mg ginger capsules TID Vitamin B6 (25-mg capsules) 3 weeks <16 weeks Nausea and vomiting scales (Rhodes Index) Keating et al.32 250-mg ginger syrup QID Plain syrup 2 weeks <12 weeks 4-point nausea scale + frequency of vomiting Vutyavanich et al.34 250-mg ginger capsules QID Placebo capsules 4 days <17 weeks VAS + Likert scale Fischer-Rasmussen et al.33 250-mg ginger capsules QID Lactose capsules 4 days <20 weeks Unique scoring system QID, four times per day; TID, three times per day; VAS, visual analogue scale.
- Table 2. Results from Meta-Analysis Comparing Ginger to Placebo in Improvement of Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy
Study Intervention Group Control Group Odds Ratio 95% CI Basirat et al.31 28/32 21/30 3.00 0.81–11.1 Fischer-Rasmussen et al.33 19/27 4/27 13.66 3.56–52.43 Keating et al.32 10/13 2/10 13.33 1.78–100.14 Vutyavanich et al.34 28/32 10/35 17.50 4.87–62.87 Ozgoli et al.35 27/32 20/35 4.05 1.26–12.99 Smith et al.26 68/120 69/115 0.87 0.52–1.47 Total (random effects) 180/256 126/252 4.89 1.88–12.73 CI, confidence interval.
Q-statistic 33.72 Degree of freedom 5 Significance level P < .0001
