Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Recruitment and study participation. PCP, primary care physician.
- Figure 2.
Average physical function using the 12-item Short Form (SF12; left) and pain severity using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI; right) over time.
Tables
Demographics Mean age, years (SD) 54.3 (14) Born in the United States 107 (47.3) Language spoken most frequently English 160 (70.8) Spanish 60 (26.5) Other 6 (2.7) Marital status Married 48 (21.2) Living with a partner 12 (5.3) Divorced 30 (13.3) Widowed 30 (13.3) Separated 27 (11.9) Never married 1 (0.4) Single 75 (33.2) Other 1 (0.4) Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 121 (53.5) Non-Hispanic black 61 (27) Non-Hispanic white 9 (4) Non-Hispanic other 34 (15) Working status Unemployed 23 (10.2) Full time 52 (23) Part time 13 (58) Disabled 87 (38.5) Insurance Fee-for-service Medicaid 7 (3.1) Managed care Medicaid 129 (57.1) Private insurance 52 (23) No insurance 13 (5.8) Household Income ($) <20,000 95 (42) 20,000–29,000 27 (11.9) 30,000–39,000 18 (8) 40,000–49,000 6 (2.7) >50,000 7 (3.1) Don't know/refused to answer 67 (29.6) Education Some HS or less 79 (34.9) HS graduate 55 (24.3) Some college 57 (25.2) College graduate or more 31 (13.7) Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
SD, standard deviation; HS, high school.
Brief Pain Inventory* 12-Item Short Form† CPGS PFD: Days With Pain in the Past 2 Weeks (0–14) PIQ-6 (40–78) Pain Severity (0–10) Pain Interference (0–10) Physical Health (0–100) Mental Health (0–100) Fair/Poor General Health, n (%) Disability Score (0–100%) Characteristic Pain Intensity (0–100%) Before baseline 6 weeks 6.9 (6.6–7.1) 6.9 (6.6–7.3) — — — 72.6 (69.1–76.1) 78.6 (76.8–80.3) 13.0 (12.6–13.3) 68.4 (67.5–69.2) 4 weeks 6.9 (6.6–7.2) 6.6 (6.2–7) — — — — — 12.5 (12–12.9) — 2 weeks 7.0 (6.6–7.4) 6.5 (6–7) — — — — — 12.5 (11.9–13) — Baseline 6.7 (6.5–7) 6.4 (6–6.8) 31.7 (30.4–33.1) 38.2 (36.2–40.1) 107 (46.7) 66.8 (62.8–70.8) 77.3 (75.2–79.3) 12.3 (11.9–12.8) 67.4 (66.4–68.3) Follow-up 2 weeks 6.2 (5.8–6.5) 5.5 (5–5.9) — — — — — 11.1 (10.5–11.8) 63.9 (62.7–65.2) 4 weeks 5.7 (5.3–6.1) 5.0 (4.5–5.6) — — — — — 10.7 (10–11.4) 62.3 (60.9–63.7) 8 weeks 5.6 (5.2–6) 5.0 (4.4–5.6) — — — — — 10.7 (9.9–11.4) 61.5 (59.9–63.1) 12 weeks 5.6 (5.2–6.1) 4.9 (4.3–5.5) 35.7 (33.8–37.6) 43.7 (41–46.4) 52 (40.63) 43.7 (37.7–49.8) 65.1 (61.2–69.1) 10.1 (9.3–10.9) 61.8 (60.1–63.4) 16 weeks 5.7 (5.2–6.3) 5.0 (4.4–5.7) — — — — — 10.6 (9.7–11.5) 61.7 (59.9–63.5) 24 weeks 5.5 (4.9–6.1) 5.0 (4.4–5.7) 35.3 (33–37.5) 45.2 (42.5–47.8) 36 (33.64) 45.2 (38.2–52.2) 64.7 (59.9–69.5) 10.9 (10–11.7) 62.2 (60.2–64.1) - Table 3. Adjusted Regression Coefficients (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) for Pain Severity and Physical Function
SF-12 Physical Functioning P Value BPI Pain Severity P Value Estimate 95% Confidence Interval Estimate 95% Confidence Interval Treatment period 3.03 4.81 1.24 <.001 −0.71 −0.40 −1.03 <.001 Posttreatment period 2.61 4.47 0.77 .006 −0.41 0.77 −1.59 .496 Time (weeks centered around baseline) — — — — −0.04 −0.13 0.04 .117 Time × treatment period — — — — −0.02 0.04 −0.08 .554 Time × after treatment period — — — — −0.01 0.07 −0.08 .854 Site .44 .744 Site A −0.55 −3.68 2.58 0.12 −0.36 0.60 Site B 2.00 −1.50 5.50 −0.20 −0.74 0.35 Site C −0.66 −3.45 2.13 0.00 −0.43 0.43 Site D Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference CPGS disability score −0.14 −0.18 −0.10 <.001 0.04 0.03 0.04 <.001 Treatments received 0.23 0.08 0.38 .003 — — — — Age −0.18 −0.26 −0.10 <.001 — — — — Medicaid — — — — 0.50 0.85 0.15 .005 BPI, Brief Pain Inventory; CPGS, Chronic Pain Grading Scale; SF12, 12-item Short Form.
