Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Patient flow diagram.
Tables
Test/Subtest (All Subjects) Cognitive Impairment (n = 157) Normal (n = 62) P MMSE 19.39 (5.48) 26.03 (3.28) <.001 M-MMSE 20.88 (5.53) 27.03 (2.25) <.001 Serial 7s 0.90 (1.52) 2.02 (1.87) <.01 Spelling 2.24 (2.03) 3.85 (1.69) <.001 Weekdays 3.88 (1.91) 5.00 (0) <.001 High school graduate Cognitive Impairment (n = 71) Normal (n = 37) MMSE 21.62 (4.63) 26.78 (2.69) <.001 M-MMSE 22.69 (4.67) 27.27 (2.17) <.001 Less than high school Cognitive Impairment (n = 86) Normal (n = 25) MMSE 17.56 (5.47) 24.92 (3.80) <.001 M-MMSE 19.38 (5.75) 26.68 (2.36) <.001 Literate Cognitive Impairment (n = 98) Normal (n = 47) MMSE 20.59 (5.31) 26.91 (2.55) <.001 M-MMSE 21.74 (5.49) 27.36 (2.05) <.001 Illiterate and semiliterate Cognitive Impairment (n = 59) Normal (n = 15) MMSE 17.31 (5.21) 23.27 (3.85) <.001 M-MMSE 19.38 (5.36) 26.00 (2.59) <.001 Values are means (standard deviations). Maximum possible scores for weekdays, serial 7, or spelling were 5 and for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Modified-MMSE (M-MMSE) were 30. For all tests, normal patients had a significantly higher mean score than patients with cognitive impairment, including those with less than a high school education or who were illiterate or semiliterate. The M-MMSE showed results in the normal range for normal subjects more frequently (higher score). Although the score for patients identified with cognitive impairment also was higher, it still fell in the abnormal range. All normal subjects correctly recited the days of the week backward.
- Table 2. Number and Subsets of Patients With Cognitive Impairment as Identified by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Modified MSME (M-MMSE), and the Mini-Cog*
Test by Subset of Patients Cutoff Scores MMSE ≤23 MMSE ≤27 All patients (n = 219) Mini-Cog 157 157 MMSE 118 168 M-MMSE 91 149 Patients with <high school education (n = 111) Mini-Cog 86 86 MMSE 83 88 M-MMSE 53 83 Illiterate or semiliterate patients (n = 74) Mini-Cog 59 59 MMSE 59 70 M-MMSE 46 65 ↵* Using cutoffs of 23 and 27 points from possible 30 respectively.
- Table 3. Sensitivity/Specificity and Positive/Negative Predictive Values of 2 Cutoff Scores for the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Modified MMSE (M-MMSE) Using the Mini-Cog to Identify Cognitive Impairment
Cutoff Scores MMSE <23 M-MMSE <23 MMSE <27 M-MMSE <27 Sensitivity/specificity All subjects (n = 219) 0.72/0.77 0.61/0.93 0.73/0.77 0.89/0.53 Education <12th grade (n = 111) 0.84/0.60 0.73/0.92 0.96/0.32 0.94/0.88 Low literacy (n = 74) 0.84/0.40 0.74/0.87 0.97/0.13 0.93/0.33 Positive/negative predictive values All subjects (n = 219) 0.89/0.53 0.96/0.49 0.89/0.53 0.82/0.66 Education <12th grade (n = 111) 0.88/0.52 0.97/0.50 0.83/0.73 0.96/0.81 Low literacy (n = 74) 0.84/0.40 0.96/0.46 0.81/0.50 0.84/0.56
