Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Surveyed American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Candidates
Variable 2006 (n = 8192) 2007 (n = 9430) 2008 (n = 9597) 2009 (n = 9475) 2010 (n = 2412) 2011 (n = 2339) Overall (n = 41,445) Male sex* 68.1 66.9 66.8 65.2 67.5 67.9 66.8 Age* (mean) 47.5 47.9 48.6 49.5 51.3 51.3 48.7 <40 22.6 22.0 19.4 16.5 8.9 9.4 18.8 40–60 69.5 68.6 69.5 70.2 74.2 73.2 70.2 ≥60 7.9 9.4 11.1 13.3 16.9 17.2 10.6 MD degree* 92.8 92.6 92.2 92.1 90.1 90.0 92.2 International medical graduate* 10.4 11.9 13.2 15.2 22.6 20.6 13.8 Type of organization* Administration 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.1 Educator 5.3 5.2 4.7 4.8 3.5 3.0 4.8 Government 5.8 6.3 6.9 6.7 7.3 6.9 6.6 Group 43.5 43.7 44.1 43.3 39.5 41.9 43.3 HMO 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.4 3.1 Independent (solo) 18.8 18.9 19.3 20.1 25.5 23.0 19.9 Partnership 13.2 12.7 11.7 11.3 10.3 10.2 12.0 Others 8.9 8.7 9.2 9.7 10.0 11.0 9.3 Rural† 19.6 18.4 18.9 18.4 16.2 16.9 18.5 Geographic HPSAs 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.0 MUA/P 22.3 21.0 21.2 21.6 21.6 22.7 21.6 Census region* Northeast 14.8 14.9 14.5 14.6 15.9 15.1 14.8 Midwest 27.2 26.8 26.6 25.9 25.5 25.9 26.5 South 33.6 33.5 34.5 34.2 35.7 37.1 34.2 West 24.3 24.8 24.4 25.4 22.8 21.9 24.5 Variable 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Difference* National rate 36.9 42.9 49.1 54.3 57.4 68.0 31.1 Male sex 37.5 42.4 49.6 53.8 55.1 66.5 29.0 Age, years <40 41.6 48.7 55.7 61.8 63.3 75.5 33.9 40–60 36.4 42.2 48.4 54.8 59.1 69.5 33.1 ≥ 60 28.3 35.2 41.7 42.4 46.9 57.3 29.0 MD degree 37.1 43.0 49.1 54.6 57.5 68.1 31.0 International medical graduate 29.6 35.9 41.8 46.7 50.0 58.3 28.7 Type of organization Administration 19.3 23.8 40.5 38.0 43.3 50.0 30.7 Educator 48.3 55.3 62.4 69.8 69.4 81.7 33.4 Government 56.9 60.9 62.8 69.5 76.1 82.0 25.1 Group 37.3 45.7 53.1 59.4 64.8 74.3 37.0 HMO 73.1 84.4 90.2 92.0 90.3 94.6 21.5 Independent (solo) 25.7 28.4 32.3 35.1 39.9 49.9 24.2 Partnership 35.4 37.6 46.0 53.4 56.5 71.1 35.7 Others 29.6 34.6 39.4 44.2 48.8 62.8 33.2 Rural 32.9 40.1 46.1 50.5 58.7 68.2 35.3 Geographic HPSAs 35.0 36.8 42.2 49.8 53.4 71.3 36.3 MUA/Ps 33.2 39.5 43.7 49.1 55.7 68.2 35.0 Census regions Northeast 34.1 39.3 46.7 50.1 58.7 65.9 31.8 Midwest 36.4 42.0 49.3 53.9 53.2 67.8 31.4 South 34.0 40.1 45.9 51.7 57.3 67.7 33.7 West 43.3 49.9 54.8 60.7 61.2 70.0 26.7 Values are shown as percentages.
↵* The differences in adoption rates are between 2006 and 2011. All P < .0001 for trend.
EHR, electronic health records; HMO, health maintenance organization; HPSA, health professional shortage area; MUA/P, medically underserved area/population.
Variable Estimate P OR 95% CI Intercept 0.6055 <.0001 Exam year (reference: 2006) 2007 0.2686 <.0001 1.308 1.228–1.394 2008 0.5634 <.0001 1.757 1.649–1.871 2009 0.8191 <.0001 2.269 2.129–2.417 2010 1.0624 <.0001 2.893 2.625–3.190 2011 1.5325 <.0001 4.630 4.177–5.131 Age* −0.0207 <.0001 0.980 0.977–0.982 Female (reference: male) −0.1097 <.0001 0.896 0.857–0.938 IMG (reference: non-IMG) −0.2286 <.0001 0.796 0.748–0.846 Type of organization . . . — Administration −0.7386 <.0001 0.478 0.391–0.584 Educator 0.4236 <.0001 1.527 1.386–1.684 Government 0.5666 <.0001 1.762 1.615–1.923 Group (reference) HMO 1.7015 <.0001 5.482 4.657–6.454 Independent (solo) −0.7655 <.0001 0.465 0.439–0.493 Partnership −0.2633 <.0001 0.769 0.720–0.820 Others −0.4771 <.0001 0.621 0.577–0.668 Rural (reference: urban) −0.0147 .6061 0.985 0.932–1.042 Geographic-HPSAs (reference: non-Geographic HPSA) −0.1010 .0191 0.904 0.831–0.984 MUA/P (reference: non-MUAP) −0.1413 <.0001 0.868 0.822–0.917 Census region Northeast (reference) — — — — Midwest −0.0168 .6186 0.983 0.920–1.051 South −0.0134 .6848 0.987 0.925–1.053 West 0.1866 <.0001 1.205 1.126–1.290 Of the 41,445 total, 606 cases were excluded because of missing values in the independent variables.
↵* Age is treated as a continuous variable in the regression. Correct prediction is 67.5% with a 0.500 cut off (R2 = 0.0927; maximum rescaled R2 = 0.1236; P = .1722, Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test). EHR, electronic health records; HMO, health maintenance organization; HPSA, health professional shortage area; IMG, international medical graduates, MUA/P, medically underserved area/population.