Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Change in diet scores among intervention patients. PBRN, practice-based research network.
- Figure 2.
Change in physical activity among intervention patients. MET, metabolic equivalent; PBRN, practice-based research network.
- Figure 3.
Change in proportion of current smokers in intervention patients. PBRN, practice-based research network.
- Figure 4.
Change in average drinks per day in intervention patients. PBRN, practice-based research network.
- Figure 5.
Change in number of unhealthy days in intervention patients. PBRN, practice-based research network.
Tables
- Table 1. Summary Description of the Multiple Health Behavior Interventions, Health Risk Data Collection Methods, and Study Designs
PBRN ID Intervention Description 1 Practices collaborated with a local health department to use an extension agent model to promote screening, counseling, and use of community resources.
Intervention: used IT, new/modified staff roles, and counseling outside the practice
HRA: self-administered by computer
Design: longitudinal; no comparison group2 A community health educator referral liaison was available to practices to provide patients with health behavior counseling, follow-up, and assistance in connecting to community resources.
Intervention: used new/modified staff roles and counseling outside the practice
HRA: administered by liaison
Design: group (practice) randomized; control received physician referral only3 Family screening assessments were conducted during modified well visits for children aged 2 years, and families were directed to health behavior counseling.
Intervention: used new/modified staff roles and counseling outside the practice
HRA: administered by nurse staff as part of screening tool
Design: quasi-experimental; practices were assigned to groups4 Patients were connected to web-based tools that promoted health behavior change accompanied by an IVR telephone system to prompt website use.
Intervention: used IT, population screening/outreach, and counseling outside the practice
HRA: self-administered by computer
Design: patient randomized; control received usual care5 Practice enhancement assistants provided performance feedback, training, practice change facilitation, and local quality improvement collaboratives for behavior change.
Intervention: used new/modified staff roles, population screening/outreach, and counseling outside the practice
HRA: self-administered by paper forms
Design: practices randomized to receive different sets of health behavior-specific modules in time-ordered blocks8 Existing medical assistants identified patients at risk for unhealthy behaviors then offered counseling and referred to community resources.
Intervention: used new/modified staff roles, population screening/outreach, and counseling outside the practice
HRA: self-administered by paper forms
Design: patient randomized; control received usual care.9 Patients connected to an IVR telephone system to promote health behavior change and deliver counseling.
Intervention: used IT and counseling outside the practice
HRA: self-administered via the IVR system
Design: patient randomized; control received only printed educational materialsAdapted from Etz et al (2008)20 and Dodoo et al (2008).21
HRA, health risk assessment; IT, information technology; IVR, interactive voice recognition; PBRN, practice-based research network.
- Table 2. Comparison of Patient Characteristics at Baseline for Those With and Without Follow-up Observations
Baseline Patient Characteristics Follow-Up (n = 2199) No Follow-Up (n = 2264) P Outcomes Diet score 5.66 (2.57) 5.58 (2.54) .2854 Physical activity (MET-minutes) 2099 (2735) 2131 (2672) .7075 Average drinks per day 0.3003 0.3336 .3175 Current smokers 26.2 32.0 .0001 Unhealthy days 25.4 22.0 .0810 0 38.7 38.5 1–13 36.0 40.0 ≥14 Women 74.3 74.1 .8866 Age (years) 50.8 (15.8) 44.2 (15.7) <.0001 Race/ethnicity <.0001 Non-Hispanic white 62.4 56.7 Non-Hispanic black 11.6 19.2 Hispanic/Latino 20.9 18.9 Other race 5.1 5.2 Education <.0001 <HS 14.0 12.3 HS graduate/GED 28.9 20.4 >HS 54.0 35.6 Nonrespondent 3.1 31.6 Income ($) <.0001 <25,000 41.3 32.9 25,000–49,999 21.6 12.3 ≥50,000 22.2 13.5 Nonrespondent 14.9 41.3 BMI 31.6 (8.4) 31.1 (8.2) .0527 Values provided as mean (standard deviation) or %.
Data from Prescription for Health: COMBO study.
BMI, body mass index; HS, high school; MET, metabolic equivalent.
- Table 3. Analytical Sample Sizes for Each Outcome by Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) (Baseline/Follow-Up) and Health Risk Assessment Follow-Up Intervals
PBRN ID Diet Physical Activity Smoking Alcohol Quality of Life Days to Final Follow-Up Assessment* 1 848/174 871/172 873/173 850/105 233/164 186 (43), 181 2 422/294 421/294 424/294 421/292 420/293 177 (47), 188 3 157/79 155/76 155/78 0/0 149/79 292 (70), 282 4 88/39 87/39 88/39 88/39 88/39 158 (44), 181 5 1573/872 1514/849 1568/849 1512/869 1237/695 31 (0), 31 8 386/236 363/237 405/236 112/27 344/231 349 (84), 359 9 88/45 88/46 † 87/45 86/13 199 (62), 196
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